Memo to Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memo to Manager - Essay Example The giving of inexpensive gifts upon greeting, such as pens, foreign cigarettes, perfume, or shampoo are greatly appreciated by anyone, and can be used to indicate a desire for friendship. A major difference between Vietnamese and our Western culture is the meaning of eye contact. When you are introduced to a person who is your elder, of an elevated status, or the opposite sex, care should be made to not make eye contact. This is a sign of respect, and does not indicate a lack of trust as we perceive it. Also, putting your hands in your pockets or on your hips while talking is a sign of arrogance and shows disrespect. The Vietnamese prefer to follow a very rigid protocol when conducting a business meeting. A meeting will begin with the ranking guest making introductory remarks. These include formal thanks for hosting the meeting, objectives for the meeting, and an introduction of the participants. The Vietnamese host will follow with some formal remarks after which the substance of the meeting can begin. I plan to keep these rules of etiquette foremost in my mind on my visit. I will take some small gifts that would be appropriate for either a man or a woman for our initial greeting. As the most senior member of our staff, I will introduce the others during our first meeting and allow the Vietnamese to do the same.

African Slaves Essay Example for Free

African Slaves Essay Rationale My project will be to examine the lives of Indian Indentured labourers between 1845 and 1917. The reason I am examining their lives is to prove that Indian Indentureship was just another form of slavery with a different name. The project will also assist me in learning about the Indian Indentureship period for my CSEC examination. Introduction Indentured labour was something like the last resort for planters after slavery. After the abolition of slavery the planters were left with a labour shortage. In their search for other sources of labour the planters tried Chinese, Madeirans, even free African slaves but each of these options all had their disadvantages. After a trial and error period with many different labourers, it was found that the Indians were the ideal labourers. The Indentureship period was supposed to be a fair, humane and just system unlike the African slave trade and slavery on the whole but this was not the case. In many aspects of the Indentureship period, it was almost identical to slavery. In the following paragraphs it will be shown from the evidence given, that Indians were treated almost as badly as African slaves, proving that the Indentureship period was simply another form of slavery. Indentureship and slavery are basically the same thing but the major thing that differentiated them was the fact that the Indian labourers were legally owned while the African slaves were forced to work for the planters. The Indians were cheated into signing contracts which they didn’t understand with false promises of a better life and good working conditions. The Indians were gullible and were easily tricked into signing the contracts  which ran from 3-5 years. The African slaves on the other were kidnapped in most cases and forced to work for the rest of their usually short lives. Their only chance of freedom would be allowed only if they purchased it, which was very unlikely. The journey for both the Africans and the Indians began with a long journey on a boat in deplorable living conditions. For the Indians the journey lasted from 93 to 113 days which was longer than the journey of the Africans which lasted from 6 to 10 weeks. Although both journeys were bad the Middle passage was a little worse than the journey the Indians endured. They were both kept in confined spaces which was unhealthy, especially if kept for long periods of time. Because of their confinement diseases were easily s pread and the mortality rate was very high. Life on the plantation was not much different because their living quarter were also confined.

Mending Wall :: essays research papers

â€Å"Mending Wall† is a poem that presents two opposing attitudes towards keeping barriers up between people. Each neighbor has a different opinion. One neighbor wants a visible line to separate their property lines and the other sees no reason for it. The poem implies a lack of security and trust one person may have towards another, even when it may not seem illogical or necessary. Each year the two neighbors meet annually at the adjoining wall. Both men walk the length of the wall to assess and repair the year’s wear and tear. Frost’ writing style invites the reader to probe the need for communication or, more precisely, the way people put up walls to create barriers between themselves. The visual imagery of the wall helps the reader to shift from just seeing the wall as a basic, natural setting to an abstract consideration of human behavior. In the first stanza of the poem it establishes the sense of mystery, a true color of atmosphere, â€Å"something† that does not want the wall to be there. Whatever it is, it’s a powerful force and it creates a â€Å" frozen ground swell† that disrupts the wall from underneath, forcing stones on top to tumble off. Damage appears each year so the neighbors walk along the wall to repair the gaps and fallen stones that have not been created by either of the two neighbors. Frost then gives the reader an uncertain question as to why should neighbors need walls anyway. Why do good fences make good neighbors? If one or both neighbors had cattle or something that could do possible damage then a fence would be reasonable. However, it is pointed out in the poem that there are no cattle. So, there must be some sort of human distrust between one of the neighbors. What is the distrust? Frost doesn’t let the reader know. Perhaps it is an age difference that results in extreme points of view or tradition. Or maybe there is a religious bias about the other. One neighbor wants to separate and possibly his family. The wall prevents the evil of indifference from entering. The phantom of discomfort seems to be kept in check by this rock structure. Frost gives us the impression that he doesn’t agree with separating people. The poem might have something to do with racism. Maybe one neighbor is black and the other is Caucasian.

Function Of Educational Managers In A School Institution Education Essay

Education is the foundation of civilised society and every society seems to be engaged in assorted educational activities. Its purpose is to supply and advance instruction to the multitudes so that well disciplined and mentally sound persons can be prepared who finally contribute in the development and prosperity of progressive society. Education system is devised to instill the doctrine, societal norms and accomplishments for economic activities. We besides are quickly switching into a new epoch in the history of worlds on this planet, which is called the technological epoch. And instruction is the primary beginning of all technological progresss, inventions and human amenitiess and that we need development, which is merely possible through quality instruction. An organisation is a aggregation of people working together in a Division of labor to accomplish a common intent. This definition fits a broad assortment of fraternal groups, nines, voluntary organisations and spiritual organic structures, every bit good as entities such as schools, infirmaries and authorities bureaus. The penetrations and applications of OB use to all of these groups. Here, we will be most interested in work organizations- those organisations to which people belong as employees ( Wood, et al 1998 ) . Organizational behavior is a subject that seeks to depict understand and predict human behavior in the environment of formal organisation. A typical part and feature of organisational behavior as subject is the expressed acknowledgment that ( 1 ) organisations create internal contextual scene or environments, that have great influence on the behavior of people in them and ( 2 ) to some extent the internal environment of an organisation is influenced by the big context in which the organisation itself exists ( for illustration, the societal, political, economic and technological systems that support the organisation ) . Furthermore, the internal environment or context of the organisation ( which is so influential in arousing and determining human behavior ) is non simply physical and touchable but besides includes the societal and psychological features of the life human system ( Owens, R.G. 1998 ) . Organization behavior is the field that seeks cognition about the behaviors in organisational scene by consistently analyzing single, group and organisational procedures. Thus cognition is used both as an terminal in itself by scientists interested in basic human behaviour and by practicians interested in heightening organisational effectivity and single good being ( Jerald and Robert, 2000 ) . Organizations do non win or neglect people do. Organizations are closely associated with people who are populating and altering ; hence human behaviors must be considered and understood within the kineticss of the formal organisation ( Ahuja, 1990 ) . Hence the filed of organisational behavior aid directors both trade with learn from their workplace experiences. Directors who understand OB are better prepared to cognize what to look for in work state of affairss, to understand what they find, and to take or assist others to take the needed action. This is a procedure for which doctors are carefully trained. When giving a physical test, a physician consistently asks inquiries and is speedy to observe where one status ( such as a perennial facial sore may be diagnostic of a job that requires farther medical attending ( intervention for a little tegument malignant neoplastic disease ) . Alternatively of sores and concerns, directors, action indexs typically deal with the public presentation achievements of people at work, their attitudes and behaviors, and events that occur in the work unit, in the organisation a hole, and event in the external environment. Good direction is able both to acknowledge the significance of these indexs ( for illustration, an addition in turnover among employees ) and to take constructive action to better things as a consequence of this penetration ( such as updating benefits and incentive wage strategies ) . Good directors add value to an organisation. However, good directors must be able to place, manage and modify the behavior of other member of the organisation is this added value from managerial activities is to be realized ( Baron, 1986 ) . Basically, nevertheless, any director should seek two cardinal consequences for a work unit or work squad. The first is task public presentation, the quality and measure of the work produced or the service provided by the work unit as a whole. The 2nd is human resources care, the attractive force and continuance of a capable work force over clip. This ulterior impression, while to frequently ignored, is highly of import. It is non plenty for a work unit to accomplish this high public presentation on any given twenty-four hours: a work integrity must be able to accomplish this high public presentation every twenty-four hours, both now and in the hereafter ( Christensen, 1994 ) . Indeed, the two consequences can be seen as the standard of an effectual director that is, a director whose work unit squad achieves high degrees of undertaking achievement and maintains itself as a capable work force over clip. This construct of the ‘effective Manager ‘ is an of import model for understanding the penetrations of OB and for developing your personal managerial accomplishments. Organizations are altering now, and they will go on to alter in order to last and thrive in a complex environment. We see organisations downsizing, organizing confederations, making new constructions, traveling planetary, prosecuting in joint ventures and using every more sophisticated engineerings and they attempt to cover with competitory force per unit areas. We see organisation prosecuting productiveness additions, authorising workers, pressing for invention, and seeking to accommodate themselves to outdo tantrum altering times ( Dolan, 1994 ) . There is no uncertainty about it ; the waies are clear ; the hereafter is at that place. But in order to win, directors must be willing to step frontward and do the personal and organisational alterations necessary to procure it. Indeed, some advisers and writers are oppugning the very term director. They believe that the altering nature of organisations in the new work topographic point may do the term coordinator, or possibly train or facilitator, a more disposed description of the function. However, irrespective of the term used, the message is clear. The successful twenty-first century director will hold to do the behavioural and attitudinal accommodation necessary to win in really dynamic clip ( Flippo, 1998 ) .STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMIt is an constituted theory that proper organisational behavior ensures the full use of available educational installations and resources for the development of the organisation. Hence the survey was focused on the organisational behaviour of educa tional directors in NWFP.Importance OF THE STUDYOrganizational behavior is the yardstick which measures the clime of organisation. If the clime is suited for optimal use of worker ‘s possible, energy and capableness the organisation grows and ensures high quality merchandise. The educational directors are the anchor of educative procedure. They are the policy shapers, contrivers, implementers, decision makers and alteration agent in instruction. Any positive and fruitful alteration in society is hard without instruction.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe present survey was conducted to educational directors observed facets of organisational behavior in educational institutes of Punjab holding following aims: To find the function and map of acceptable behaviour of educational directors. To look into the manner of determination devising of instruction troughs.ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDYThe followers were the basic premises of the survey: It was assumed that the Education directors were good cognizant of the construct of organisational behaviour and its deductions. It was assured that the instructors were cognizant of the construct of organisational behaviour, its constituents and determinants..DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe Following boundary lines were observed during the survey ; Merely public educational establishments were included in the survey. The survey comprised of secondary degree of instruction that is from category IX to XII. The caputs of the establishments and instruction officers up to territory degree were considered as educational directors.PROCEDURE OF THE STUDYThis was the descriptive/survey type of survey. Following process was adopted for its completion: –PopulationAll the directors working in the different educational organisations of NWFP were included in the population of the survey. All the instructors working in secondary instruction were besides taken in survey.SampleRandom trying technique was used for the choice of sample. Twenty caputs of secondary schools ten caputs of higher secondary and five instructors from each establishment were included in the survey. Eight Executive District Officers and eight District Education Officers were besides taken in the sample. The sample was taken from eight territory of NWFP viz. ; Kohat, Peshawar, Bannu, , D.I..Khan, Mardan, Swabi, Abbotabad, and Manshera.Research InstrumentsTwo questionnaires were developed ; one for 256 directors and the ot her for 1200 instructors. The questionnaires were developed on Likert ‘s 5-point graduated table. The questionnaires covered all the of import elements of organisational behaviour of Educational Directors.Data CollectionDatas were collected by the research worker personally. First questionnaires were mailed to the sampled mark of respondents. The research worker personally visited the establishments for aggregation of informations. Keeping in position the clip factor, services of some representatives were besides utilized who were made orientated in make fulling the questionnaires.Datas AnalysisThe Data collected through questionnaires were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by utilizing suited statistical tool of Chi-square. Findingss were drawn and recommendations were made for the betterment of organisational behaviour of educational directors in Punjab.Statement of pointsResponsesSAAUDDistrict attorneySDAEntirec2Educational directors are cognizant of the construct of orga nisational behavior or clime Responses 37 112 0 89 18 256176.75*Percentage 14 44 0 35 7 100 Educational directors are satisfied with the quality of instructors. Responses 16 51 0 182 7 256447.7*Percentage 6 20 0 71 3 100 Educational directors involve the instructors in determination devising Responses 8 85 0 127 36 256226.68*Percentage 3 33 0 50 14 100 Educational directors are trained is determination doing techniques Responses 21 79 0 119 37 256114.07*Percentage 8 31 0 47 14 100 Educational directors are trained is communicating Responses 39 152 0 47 18 256274.41*Percentage 15 60 0 18 7 100 They are just in covering with others Responses 51 132 0 57 16 256203.56*Percentage 20 52 0 22 6 100 They believe in virtue and transparence Responses 61 148 0 46 1 256285.81*Percentage 24 58 0 18 0 100 Educational directors recommend inducements for good instructors Responses 42 129 0 56 29 256181.13*Percentage 17 50 0 22 11 100 Educational directors are competent in direction accomplishments Responses 17 51 0 157 31 256300.62*Percentage 7 20 0 61 12 100 Educational directors emphasis on the usage of latest instructional engineering Responses 12 47 0 156 41 256289.6*Percentage 5 18 0 61 16 100* Significantdf= 4 table value of c2 at 0.05 = 9.488The above tabular array 1 shows that value at 4 grade of freedom the c2 value at 0.05 = 9.488 which is greater than the table value the qis square ( c2 ) value. The tabular array indicate that the deliberate value of c2 ( 176.75* , 447.4* , 226.28* , 114.07* , 274.41* , 203.56* , 285.81* , 181.13* , 300.62* and 289.6* ) is greater than the table value of c2 ( 9.4888 ) , hence there is important difference in the responses of the respondents. Some responses are positively accepted the class of â€Å" agree † so it is concluded that the respondents feel that educational directors are cognizant of the construct of organisational behavior or clime, they are trained is communicating, they are just in covering with others and they recommend inducements for good instructors. on the other side there a some responses which are in favor of negatively accepted They are satisfied with the quality of instructors † is negatively a ccepted. It is concluded that quality of instructors need betterment, they involve the instructors in determination devising therefore the state of affairs needs betterment and educational director are trained is determination doing techniques is negatively accepted. It means educational directors need developing which should be arranged decently.DecisionThe undermentioned decisions were drawn out after analysis of responses. Concept of organisational behaviour was clear to 58 % of the directors and bulk of the instructors were non clear about this construct. Hence they were non take parting volitionally and voluntarily to better it. Educational Directors. Not satisfied with the quality of the instructors. Through in their sentiments they involved instructors in group engagement. They were besides of the sentiment that they involved instructors in decision-making. But the instructors were non trained in decision-making techniques. The instructors responded that the directors did non utilize democratic manner of leading. Educational Directors opined that they were trained in societal and commuting accomplishments. They distributed burden work oddly and they encouraged inquiries for elucidation. They stressed the character edifice of instructors and pupils. The bulk of the educational directors responded that they could non guarantee sufficient resources for each undertaking and service. The bulk of the instructors stated that organisational clime was non suited for better public presentation. They did non experience comfy. The workplace and rule of right adult male for right occupation was non maintained. The bulk of Educational Directors opined that they did non pattern the behavior personally that they would others to follow. They farther stated that they were non fair in utilizing financess. The bulk of the instructors stated that their wages were non sufficient to populate comfortably. The E.M did non take involvement in work outing personal job of the instructors. The bulk of the instructors besides said that deficit of financess was felt severely and system of answerability was weak and financess were misused. The bulk of the Educational Managers stated that they did non emphasize on the usage of latest instructional engineering in the categories due to its deficit. The bulk of the instructors besides verified that they did non utilize instructional engineering in the categories they besides did non utilize different motive techniques in the schoolrooms.RecommendationThe undermentioned recommendations were made in the visible radiation of the findings and aims of the survey. It was reported by both classs of the respondents that deficit of financess was felt severely. Pakistan was supplying fundss to the melody of 2.1 % of GDP to instruction which was really little for bettering the system and organisational demands. It is strongly recommended that at least the budget for instruction should be doubled. Both classs of respondents, the educational directors and instructors stated that system of answerability is weak. It is an constituted rule that merely proper answerability mechanisms can heighten betterment of public presentation hence it was recommended that proper efficient and effectual answerability system should be introduced from top to bottom in the territory disposal of instruction. For this purpose particular preparation should be arranged for educational troughs and instructors at approachable centres. Majority of both the classs of respondents replied that they were non trained in motive, societal, communicating and decision-making accomplishments. It was recommended that periodic preparation should be assigned for educational directors and instructor for their preparation in motive leading, communicating interpersonal dealingss, instructor pupils ‘ dealingss, and determination devising techniques. This type of preparation should be arranged with the aid of experts of relevant Fieldss. The new information and instructional engineering should be utilised decently. The instructors should be trained in faculty members for professional development and every instructor should be given the equal opportunity to take part in in-service preparation under certain cyclic order. The bulk of the respondents reported that there was an acute deficit of educational installations like books, cyberspace, computing machine, equipment, athleticss stuff and conveyance etc. The research worker felt that such state of affairs was due to shortage of financess and to some extent due to the carelessness of the caputs. It was recommended that chemical and equipment for research labs, books, computing machines and internet installation for libraries, athleticss stuffs for games, and furniture should be provided to all the secondary and higher secondary schools on precedence footing. The aid of community and local authorities can be solicited. The bulk of the respondents replied that there was a political intervention in educational organisations which led to upset the organisational behaviour. It was recommended that confidence should be got from the political parties by the authorities, non to disrupt the educational environment. Furthermore, working of political groups through pupil brotherhoods should be banned in the establishments.AUTHORS INFORMATIONMr.Muhammad Naeem Butt is working as Lecturer in Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.. He did his M.Phil in Education from Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar – Pakistan nb840 @ yahoo.com Dr. Muhammad Iqbal is soon working as Professor of Education in Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar – Pakistan Dr. Muhammad Naseer-Ud-Din is working as an Assistant Professor in Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. He did his Phd in Education from University Institute of Education and Research, UAAR, Pakistan. Electronic mail: naseer_khanpk2000 @ yahoo.com Dr. Ishtiaq Hussain is working as an Assistant Professor in Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. Miss. Safia Noor is soon working as chief Govt. Girls High School, Charsada, Pakistan. She did her M.Phil in instruction.

Health Care Delivery System in the United States Essay

Introduction: The problem: Access to health care physically and financially, healthcare system in today’s society has failed to provide quality care for the U.S. Americans. There are so many ways that the system falls short in providing proper care. The healthcare is mainly based on the government to provide care for a particular group of people according to their income and not everyone has the same treatment, some having to pay for care through some type of insurance premium. When looking at this system of care, families are all dealing with the same issues in relations to not getting the treatment and quality care that they need. Many providers is having to see more patients in clinics than anticipated in terms causes a shorter visit with patients to address any kind of concerns and with uncoordinated care this leads to decrease in quality care of patients. High risk patients could be an issue for providers, because of the risk of malpractice, and increase of having malpractice insurance therefore providers are reluctant to see these patients which causes the patients to have less options for treatment choices. Healthcare Expenditure: this will continue to increase and families will continue to struggle and stress over how they will pay their medical bills. Healthcare systems are not slowing down on their costs and most of them are not willing to give families an efficient healthcare system for a better quality of care. The healthcare expenditures are increasing and the families incomes are not sufficient to compensate which makes this so stressful and hard for families to afford. When looking at the pharmaceutical spending, this has increased drastically. Medications is continuing to increase in costs, therefore, families are not able to get medications that are needed for care. Quality of care: has been a proven factor to be declined, patients with chronic and long term disease are not getting the therapy and drug regimen that is needed to give them a better quality of life. Many elderly patients and patients with disabilities are not able to receive homecare services that are needed to assist them with care. This is an ongoing battle with many American families who are uninsured as well as insured families. Care is not being coordinated and managed for patients with long term and chronic illnesses. Internal Factors: finance and delivery systems should be combined, both of these factors work together for the improvement of each other. Delivery system and payments are declined because the quality and effectiveness are not valued in the healthcare system therefore we have less quality of care and increasing in costs. Without improvements in these two areas the healthcare system will continue to fail in providing a more efficient system for our families and ou t-of-pocket payments are burdening families and care is being refused, emergency rooms are overflowing and office visits are declining. External Factors: The development of new technology affecting the healthcare system in ways as such advance equipment to treat certain diseases that wasn’t offered in the past and patients are not able to afford the treatment because of the increase in costs. Many advance technology procedures are performed in surgery that is consuming our incomes. Patients with chronic diseases are not able to receive the care because of new technology and the price increase that goes with the technology. Solution to health care access physically and financially, According to (Nichols, 2007) all Americans must take on a responsibility for their own health and the health of their children. This means having policies established which would be affordable for American families and polices established to assist the families who need financial assistant in acquiring an insurance policy. Guidelines also must be followed with this plan with the responsibility of the individual and the insurance comp any. This would be balanced to assist families with affordable insurance and benefit the insurance market that would create a quality delivery system as well as cost efficient. The responsibilities to the family is following the guidelines and policy, maintaining their health by having their yearly check-ups, scheduling routine appointments to see their provider as necessary when a problem may arise and maintaining their insurance coverage. The shared responsibilities is the insurance companies provide a stable plan that will improve the delivery system by making American families a priority with having access to a health care system in which quality care is provided and affordable to the family. Solution to health care expenditure, Preventive measures and promoting health can help with health care spending. Management of long –care diseases and establishing a good foundation with advance health technology well build better patient satisfaction, along with cost effectiveness. The reforms improvements values is not a routine step, many believe that the change in delivery systems may decrease the costs, but some feel that it should be more stable in costs by establishing guidelines that are more promising and effective. These guidelines and policies should be put in place to improve the health care system.(brennan, cafarella, kocot, mckethan, morrison, nguyen, shepherd and Williams,2009). Solution to quality of care, According to (fingado), electronic health record system will allow a continuum of patient care for better quality and manageable coordination to patient records. When coordinating patient care all systems must be involved to get a better outcome. Health care systems through health care electronic employee record helps with continuation of patient care and prepare better management plans. This health care system also allow staff to advance knowledge through training and exercise to improve better patient care outcome. Why my response is correct, Me as a health care professional have witness patients who are non-compliance regarding their health and working with uninsured families have different outcomes than patients who is compliance with preventive care usually are in better physical health than families who are not. There are many preventive measures that families can initiate better health, exercising on a regular basis, selecting healthier choices in diet menu, seeking preventive care as necessary, and be in compliance with treatment regimen, prevent bad habits such as smoking and alcohol abuse. Patients who maintain good health behaviors usually have better outcomes during surgical procedures, healing process is less and better outcomes with other treatment plans. Conclusion, according to our reading, Americans should have an effective health care system where families are provided with safe care and an affordable health care plan for the continuum of care. Explanation is given how many patients visit their health care provider and usually never see their primary care provider and how care should be directed toward patient satisfaction. Our reading mentions The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that extends health care plans to primary care that would benefit most Americans to having a better outcome and assessing why acute visits happen so frequently. According to (Thorpe and ogden,2010) excessive spending is being directed towards Fee-For-Service where the main focus is on the amount of patient being seen and costs instead of patient care improvements. The new health reform law is establishing changes to remove this system away from Medicare and other payers. References Niall Brennan, Nichole Cafarella, S. Lawrence Kocot, Aaron Mckethan, Marisa Morrison, Nadia Nguyen, Mark Shephard and Reginald D. Wiliams. (2009). improving quality value in the U.S. Health Care System. Retrieved August 2009, from www.brookings.edu/reports/2009/08/21-bpc-qualityreport Nichols, L. M. (2007). A Sustainable Health System for all Americans. Retrieved July 2007, from www.newamerican.net/files/NSC%20Health%20Policy%20Paper Thorpe, K. E., & Ogden, L. L. (2010, June 2010). Analysis & Commentary The Foundation That Health Reform Lays For Improved Payment, Care Coordination, And Prevention. Health Affairs, 29,6, 1183.

Should Seriously Ill Patients be allowed to Refuse Medical T essays

Should Seriously Ill Patients be allowed to Refuse Medical T essays There are two ways to look at the issue of patients refusing to take medical treatment. The first way would be through the eyes of the patient. What are the patients rights? Who decides what the patients rights are? Can a patient refuse treatment? On the other hand, we have the medical aspect. What do the doctors do if someone does not want treatment? What is their obligation to the patient? Is it forcing treatment on the patient? This is a very controversial issue in our society today. And unfortunately it will be an on-going issue for years to come. So what are the rights of the patient when it comes to medical treatment? Lets take parenting for example. Parents make medical decisions for their children until they are 18 and are considered adults by law. That should not change when someone becomes ill and needs medical treatment. It seems that when someone becomes seriously ill everyone else decides what the patient needs and doesnt need. As adults patients should be able to make decisions on their own with the input of medical staff and their family. Sarah Guy believes that, If patients are adults, they have every right to refuse medical treatment for any reason. Furthermore, doctors and family members in many cases think that a patient losses their right to make decisions when they become ill. In some situations, more so with a mental illness, a patient may not be coherent and because of that may make poor decisions for themselves. Lee E. Obermeyer feels that patients should be able to refuse treatment on certain terms. The first is that the patient be given a psychological exam to determine if he /she is able to make the decision. Once the patient is deemed competent, they must undergo a meeting with the medical staff to discuss the aspects of treatment. If the patient wishes to deny any treatment, they may do so at this time. Is there a responsibility to the hospitals a...

Realistic Views for Unrealistic Motives essays

Realistic Views for Unrealistic Motives essays Realistic views for unrealistic motives The reality of war is, by nature, hellish. There is much more to warring than the idea of That man is bad, and he has nothing more than bad intentions for people that do not ad hear to his way. By meaning of more to warring, I mean that there are more implications than an unjust leader. I can clearly think of a few reasons not to go to war: Iraqs sovereignty, the USs place in the world and our duties, the cost of war in both You have to first realize that as ugly as it may seem, Iraq is a sovereign nation. As the leader of a sovereign nation Saddam reserves the right to do what he wants when he wants so long as it stays within the boarders of his country and that alone is between Saddam and his people. It is flat out not our war. We cannot simply take over this country on the basis that it is an evil harboring nation and that it could, eventually do harm to other ways of life. Even if it already has in the past, who are we to predict the future and impose our way of life. that act alone would consist of arrogance, imperialistic thought, and a total lack of a global perspective. It is not Given that Iraq has imposed and invaded in the past, none of the actions taken have been directly aimed at the United States. It is true that Saddam has threatened the US but that is all and only after the fact that we became involved. The wars that have already been fought only involved the neighboring countries Iran and Kuwait. Even though the US supports some of those neighboring countries, it is not our war. In being a sovereign nation, we have to respect the countries right to act as an independent sovereign nation. When we did fight Saddam in dessert storm we were only there to protect Kuwait (oil) and our goal was to push Saddam back into his own ...

A Harrowing Use of Harry

A Harrowing Use of Harry A Harrowing Use of Harry A Harrowing Use of Harry By Maeve Maddox I regret that I did not make a note of where I saw this, but it did make me gasp: inspire harrying tales that will either make you gasp for air or make you sit there and shake your head. Whenever I encounter the alteration of an established expression, I do a Google search to see how prevalent it is. The good news is that I found only three such uses, but the bad news is that, considering the viral nature of the internet, even three could be the thin edge of the wedge. Here’s the lengthy harrying tale of one of my final forays with cradle robbers. A blogger writing about dating Once Were Warriors-Harrying tale of life in a dysfunctional Maori family comment on a movie site Only last week I heard a harrying tale of clergy abuse right here in Methodism. A writer on a religious site The word these writers were reaching for is harrowing. Both harrying and harrowing derive from the same Old English word hergian: to make war, to lay waste. There may have been a time when the two spellings were interchangeable, but if so, it hasnt been the case for several hundred years. I doubt very much that the writers who wrote harrying in these examples were doing so in the attempt to restore an ancient spelling. In modern usage the verb to harry means: harass, goad, torment. For example, a dog might harry a cow by nipping at its heels. A harried person is one troubled by persistent annoyances and interruptions. Harrying denotes being bothered, but the word is much milder than harrowing. The word harrowing is a much stronger word, but as people have grown urbanized and as most children dont read widely in the classics, the word has become a dead metaphor. A harrow is a farm implement with vicious teeth, used to break up plowed ground. A harrowing experience is one that causes great emotional pain. NOTE: A favorite theme of medieval art and drama is the Harrowing of Hell, based on the belief that between the crucifixion and the resurrection, Christ descended into Hell to rescue the righteous who lived before him. Both harry and harrow have been used with the meaning to rob. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words15 Great Word Games20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Microsoft vs. Apple OS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microsoft vs. Apple OS - Research Paper Example Operating systems handles the details of the interaction between the user and the hardware. The operating systems are generally used in nearly all computing devices ranging from desktop computers to video games. There basically two prominent operating systems that exist for various functions and professionals; Microsoft windows and the Apple operating system. Depending on the function, the two operating systems exhibit some dissimilarity. For example, for architects and landscape architects, Microsoft windows has traditionally been one of the dominant operating system as it is compatible with a variety of programs relevant to the field such as the Autodesk AutoCAD (Cantrell & Michaels CHAP 1). The operating system OS X and Windows are two different types of operating systems that are created by Apple and the Microsoft companies respectively. The operating system OS X will run on Apple hardware only otherwise referred to as Mac computers, but Windows operating system will run on almos t any compatible hardware referred to as PC computers as well as those produced by Apple organization. Most people who prefer the Apple Mac computers operating on the apple OS X platform argue that Mac accessories are more reliable, that is, they are less prone to program crashing or unexpected shut-downs than PCs which operate on the Microsoft windows platform. However, this remains to a matter to be debated upon by proponents of both operating systems. According to a consumer report survey of laptop computers for the year 2008, two computer gadgets emerged out as the best laptop brands (Peterka pp17-19). These were Mac manufactured by Apple and the Lenovo which incidentally runs on the Microsoft windows operating system. But of the two, Lenovo had a better score than the former in terms of reliability. The Mac on the contrary also recorded a higher score than Lenovo in terms client service and satisfaction. Arguments have therefore erupted as to which operating system is more supe rior to the other. Microsoft windows operating system on the other hand, is a computer software developed by the Microsoft corporation. It is indeed among the leading personal computing platform. The organization’s nature of allowing for the licensing of its windows software products to some firms that have been in the computer manufacturing business, has been the key factor that has seen to Microsoft domination in the computer market. In most cases, Microsoft windows has work in hand in hand with other giant computer manufacturing firms such as HP, Toshiba, Dell and many others. They have availed some of their hardware to virtually all computer users owing to their high compatibility with a variety of computer sets (Silverman pp5-10). The ease of availability of Microsoft products has therefore means that the organization greatly benefits from economies of scale in a way that the cost of these products becomes less expensive. This consequently implies that Microsoft operatin g system based computer products are affordable and easily accessible when compared to the Apple Macs. The affordability of Microsoft products has also been associated with certain stumbling blocks. For instance, through Microsoft’s ever willingness to partner with virtually any party intending to do computer related business activities, the company is therefore usually obliged to carry out all that is within its premise to ascertain that their clients are able to get a Microsoft software that is compatible with the new hardware that the partner company is manufacturing. This might the cost the company a great deal in terms of constant updating of its products which may put the Microsoft Corporation at a shear point of bloating. Also, Microsoft operating system has won the favor of the majority of people owing to the fact that more often than not, it usually ensures that its even its newer operating system can still be compatible even with the older operating system. However, but just like other case, this has also

Decision Making Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Decision Making Tools - Essay Example This is a formal technique used in organizations where there are many possible causes that are competing to be implemented. In this respect, the Pareto Analysis is used as a problem solver that estimates each course of action’s benefits to the project. After the estimation, the analysis will then find the most effective actions that will bring a total benefit that is closest to the optimal possible benefit (Mullen 1991, p. 56). Where managers are interest in finding the causes of the problems, the Pareto analysis offers a creative way that enables a team to stimulate their thinking and though organization. This decision making tool is inhibited by important problems which initially were small but continue to grow as time passes by. The Pareto analysis is thus more practical when combined with other analytical tools such as the fault tree analysis and failure mode and effects analysis. The Pareto Analysis helps organization in the identification of the top 20% causes of problem s that the management needs to address in order to resolve 80% of the problems facing the organization. After the identification of the top 20% causes, other analytical tools are used in the identification of the root causes of the organization’s problems. Some of the tools that are used for the analysis include the Fish-bone analysis and the Ishikawa diagram which are effective in looking for the root causes of problems. When the Pareto Analysis is applied in risk management, the management are given the opportunity to concentrate on the risks that have adverse effects on the project’s operations (Perrow 1986, p. 69). Advantages of Pareto Analysis One of the advantages of Pareto Analysis is realized in the undertaking of knowing the relevance of each stock keeping unit. A stock keeping unit’s relevance is helpful in determining the resources that are need in managing the stock keeping unit. The resources are mainly considered in the context of money and time th at are allotted to one particular stock keeping unit. The nature of an organization determines the importance of a stock keeping unit by using different data that will be applicable to the organization. If the company is a small retail company, the Pareto Analysis will generally be used focusing on the units sold or the sales in dollars. Pareto Analysis in this instance will be used to identify the bottom selling unites and the top selling units by using the sales data of the organization (Rodrigues 1991, p. 15). Larger manufacturing companies will generally apply the Pareto Analysis with a focus on the cost of goods sold. A manufacturing company will thus apply the Pareto Analysis on cost of goods sold to concentrate its efforts in ensuring that the costs of the most expensive materials are lowered. The production planners of an organization will use the Pareto Analysis to keep a very close control on the spending part for the production of a particular stock taking unit that has a higher beneficial perspective to the organization in the context of the yearly cost of goods sold. The production planners will also seek to lessen the yearly expenditures for that particular part by looking for an

National Institute of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Institute of Health - Essay Example And they are more inconsistent, affected by momentary events and dominated by objects in their immediate environment". However, when every function of the child is predominated by such behaviour then it is time to take cognizance. (Barkley, Russell. A, 1998). This disorder was first described by Heinrich Hoffman in 1845. A child with this affliction will either be hyperactive or will seem to be always lost in a brown study. The main causes for this disease are supposed to be neurobiological and genetic. A possible correlation between the use of alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy has been established by various studies. (Stock, Margaret, n.d). The hormone epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), is released during stressful situations producing an increased heart rate and increased blood flow to the muscles. Stimulants act similarly by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. In addition they also act on the limbic system that reward behaviours like sexual intercourse, eating and drinking or in other words actions that are beneficial to the continuation of the species. These are normally accompanied by positive sensations due to increased levels of dopamine in the limbic system. Stimulants mimic this activity but at a much more enhanced level producing euphoric sensations by directly increasing dopamine level

Exercise is Good for Your Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise is Good for Your Health - Essay Example remote controls, automatic garage door openers, power screwdrivers, bread machines, electric pencil sharpeners, etc., etc. etc. We have created this easy and comfortable life. Unfortunately this trend in workplaces and living areas is taking our lives into pitfalls by making us lethargic and passive. We are going against our health that too, without much realisation. Overuse and overview of these items restricting our diverse physical movements, and still we are calling it as a wonderful life. This wonderful life has many bad implications due to lack of regular physical activity. To slip into an inactive lifestyle is very easy. Irony is that, do we really want our life to be dull, lazy with all ill health effects Id like to tell you in detail why Im so concerned about our inactivity. I would like you to show how exercise can pay off? This would persuade you to go out and do some exercise. A. Cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, is caused by lack of enough exercise. Clogged arteries and veins are a result of inactivity. Our sedentary lifestyle is a major contributing factor, which increase chances of high blood pressure. It is estimated that in the UK, about 36% deaths in men are from heart disease and in women this number goes to 38%. And these deaths are associated with physical inactivity (http://www.sscn.nhs.uk/Your%20Heart/Exercise.htm). B. Our eating habits like fat diet and our failure to exercise our body leads to unwanted overweight. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated 400,000 obesity-related deaths annually in United States in 2004 (Sullum, 2006). High fat diet produces high levels of cholesterol in our blood, which in turns leads to plaque in our arteries. Overweight people have high risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and psychological illness (factual example - Camenzind). C. The incidences of bad implications of sedentary

Santanville and its Five Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 94

Santanville and its Five Issues - Case Study Example On the other hand, the employees do not trust their supervisor with the evaluation process since they feel that he favors some individuals. The employees also believe that their jobs have evolved thus they are advocating the organization to upgrade their jobs. Another issue from the case study is how the supervisor treats the Union Workers. He grants permission to other employees to attend some chores, but denies an employee who wanted to attend to a family issue; to attend the daughter’s play. The action has prompted the Union steward to request a meeting with Santa. There is also a problem with the toy designer who is threatening resignation if the company does not offer him pay increment. The Sales Manager is pointing at the abandonment of the company's base salary with minimum discretionary bonus and focus on incentive-based payment approach to the sales staff. The Manager is having difficulties in retaining or recruiting candidates with the inadequate payment plan. Lack of payment incentive is, therefore, the reason as to why many employees are leaving after a short period (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011). There is also a problem with underpayment of workers. For instance, the North Pole and South Pole salary ranges are different. The employees suspect that company is not adhering to the National Labor Salary Range Act Book. Before deciding on the compensation plan, the company should consider the implication of poor remuneration to the company’s performance (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011). Better still, Santa can avoid the secretary's demands by implementing a new compensation policy that will ensure that employees receive more insurance benefits. However, before arriving at the decision, it is imperative to consider implications on the company's competitive advantage. If an increment on employee overtime can convince them to stay, then it will be best to implement it since replacing talents is always difficult. About job evaluation, the supervisor should use  performance-based evaluation strategy rather than depend on the ranks of employees (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011).

Career Development Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Development - Personal Statement Example I thought a lot about my next steps after graduation during my studies, and finally I decided to take up a Kimberly-Clark graduate program. I felt I still had lots of things to learn, and this program, which offered moving jobs, was an ideal way to acquire knowledge and experience, to get acquainted with various operating strategies and techniques, to see the different working styles. Besides, Kimberly-Clark is a very successful company, and it has a lot to offer to its employees. I was fascinated by the possibility to study from people who created and managed one of the biggest and most successful companies in Europe. Working for Kimberly-Clark is my first working experience in the field of Supply Chain Management, and I feel I've made the right choice. When I decided to study for to get the Supply Chain Management degree, I considered the possibility that some day I would have to change my occupation for some reasons. I found that the Supply Chain Manager can easily transition to Purchasing Management, Logistics and Procurement Management. Of course, the specifics of work is different for each of those specializations, but the basic education the Supply Manager has allows him/her to adapt to the new working requirements and get needed knowledge in a relatively short period of time. The supply chain management software can be divided into two major groups. Those are Supply chain planning (SCP) software and Supply chain execution (SCE) software. Supply chain planning (SCP) software is used for to improve the efficiency of the supply chain. The characteristic feature of this software is that it is entirely dependent from the accuracy of the information you feed it. This type of software is used for to track the quantity and whereabouts of materials or goods, for predicting the quantity of products the customers will need next month/year, etc. There are applications designed for each stage of the working process, and each of them has its specific functions. Supply chain execution (SCE) software is used for automating the different stages of the supply chain, like electronically routing the orders for the needed materials to the suppliers. The accuracy and reliability of the software depends on the accuracy and reliability of data you feed it. The updates to supply management software are produced frequently, and I usually install them, as I feel I should use all of the opportunities the manufacturers of this product present, as it makes my job much easier. Every day on my working place presents me some new tasks and challenges, and I rarely do some routine work. Of course, there are some things I usually do, but there is not much of them. My typical day in the office may start from responding to the requests the market sector manager makes. For example, he may request me to present a report on savings achieved by the market sector, as he does once a month. Than I would devote my time to planning next steps of the project and having meetings with my project team. At the end of the working day I may organize a meeting with the suppliers and discuss their performance during the last year. Of course, there is more movement on the market before holidays, and I have more things to do and to plan. Christmas and New Year time are the busiest, as the amount of orders increases, and, of course, there are a lot of tasks to finish at the end of the fiscal year. The goods Kimberly Clark produces are in demand 365 days a year,

Santanville and its Five Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 94

Santanville and its Five Issues - Case Study Example On the other hand, the employees do not trust their supervisor with the evaluation process since they feel that he favors some individuals. The employees also believe that their jobs have evolved thus they are advocating the organization to upgrade their jobs. Another issue from the case study is how the supervisor treats the Union Workers. He grants permission to other employees to attend some chores, but denies an employee who wanted to attend to a family issue; to attend the daughter’s play. The action has prompted the Union steward to request a meeting with Santa. There is also a problem with the toy designer who is threatening resignation if the company does not offer him pay increment. The Sales Manager is pointing at the abandonment of the company's base salary with minimum discretionary bonus and focus on incentive-based payment approach to the sales staff. The Manager is having difficulties in retaining or recruiting candidates with the inadequate payment plan. Lack of payment incentive is, therefore, the reason as to why many employees are leaving after a short period (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011). There is also a problem with underpayment of workers. For instance, the North Pole and South Pole salary ranges are different. The employees suspect that company is not adhering to the National Labor Salary Range Act Book. Before deciding on the compensation plan, the company should consider the implication of poor remuneration to the company’s performance (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011). Better still, Santa can avoid the secretary's demands by implementing a new compensation policy that will ensure that employees receive more insurance benefits. However, before arriving at the decision, it is imperative to consider implications on the company's competitive advantage. If an increment on employee overtime can convince them to stay, then it will be best to implement it since replacing talents is always difficult. About job evaluation, the supervisor should use  performance-based evaluation strategy rather than depend on the ranks of employees (Sathyanarayana, & Maran, 2011).

Overview of the Legal Liabilities of Public Officers Essay

Overview of the Legal Liabilities of Public Officers - Essay Example Albeit, litigations filed hostile to the public officers, administrative officer and offices are progressively being termed as factions or perpetrators with immediate or delegated liability. Furthermore, in order to maintain their legal liabilities to the least possible, public officers should constantly take action in the interior of the extent of their functions, understand and be familiar with the rules and regulations of their corresponding subdivisions, keep precise and correct inscribed records in contentious cases, uphold effective interactions with the society, and continually refer to legal advisors in cases where there is uncertainty in the course of action. However, most often than none, public officials are favoured with official impunity. Public officers run for office to acquire wealth and power. In some countries, abuses of power are rampant and are being used as leverage for their personal objectives. As a result, extrajudicial killings become widespread and rambling. This particular study seeks to elaborate on the legal liabilities of public officers. In addition, this should inform the reader regarding the scope of functions of public officers on the whole and provide knowledge or grounds of assessment from which discretion towards public officers can be obtained. OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL LIABILITIES OF PUBLIC OFFICERS 2 Introduction "The law under which government officials operate permits them to inflict injury on others, under prescribed circumstances, in established ways, and in carefully (and sometimes not so carefully) calibrated amounts" (Mashaw, 1978). Undeniably, in the performance of duty of public officials, unethical use of power is always a possibility. Public officials, under the permission of the law, are allowed to at least cause injury on others. Albeit their authority to do so is limited by the existing laws, many public officials are leveraging this prerogative to serve their personal interests. This gives them the opportunity to impose coercion in influencing the decision or leanings of their constituents to favour their individual goals, especially during times of election or in passing a particular governmental project from which they can corrupt big amounts of money. Certainly, the law carries on. What is more alarming is that "it sometimes tells the official that a failure to injure - that is, to coerce compliance with a predetermined rule of conduct - is a dereliction of official duty" (Mashaw, 1978). While the law is clear that the authority to cause injury on others is delimited on certain grounds, oftentimes, this is being overlooked and exploited. The interpretation of the law becomes superficial and unconstitutional. It is rather disturbing why the constitution provides such sorts of law that act on the borderline between its use to perform official duty and the feasibility of misusing it. This study does not resolve this weakness but presents the manifold possibilities of divergence from the r eal intents of the law. The public officials therefore should be aware of their legal liabilities. They should carefully interpret the laws provided for them by the constitution. Inasmuch as they have the freedom to use it in any manner they wish to, they OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL LIABILITIES OF PUBLIC OFFICERS 3 should remember the consequences that it carry. By and large, the purpose of this paper is not to solely scrutinize the validity and the applicability of the law, but to elaborate on the various

Growth Rate Flattens Essay Example for Free

Growth Rate Flattens Essay The reality of software development in a huge company like Microsoft – it employs more than 48,000 people – in that a substantial portion of your work involves days of boredom punctuated by hours of tedium. You basically spend your time in an isolated office, writing code and sitting in meetings during which you participated in looking for and evaluating hundreds of bugs and potential bugs. Yet Microsoft has no problem in finding and retaining software programmers. Their programmers work horrendously long hours and obsess on the goal of shipping product. From the day new employees begin work at Microsoft; they know they’re special and that their employer is special. New hires all have one thing in common- they’re smart. The company prides itself on putting all recruits through a grueling â€Å"interview loop,† during which they confront a barrage of brain-teasers by future colleagues to see how well they think. Only the best and the brightest survive to become employees. The company does this because Microsofties truly believe that their company is special. For instance, it has a high tolerance for nonconformity. Would you believe that one software tester comes to work every day dressed in extravagant Victorian outfits? But the underlying theme that unites Microsofties is the belief that the firm has a manifest destiny to change the world. The least consequential decision by a programmer can have an outsized importance when it can affect a new release that might be used by 50 million people. Microsoft employees are famous for putting in long hours. One program manager said, â€Å"In my first five years, I was the Microsoft stereotype. I lived on caffeine and vending machine hamburger and 20 hour workdays. †¦. I had no life. I considered everything outside the building as a necessary evil.† More recently, things have changed. There are still a number of people, who put in 80 hours weeks, but 60 and 70 hours weeks are more typical and some even are doing their jobs in only 40 hours. No discussion of employee life at Microsoft would be complete without mentioning the company’s lucrative stock option program. Microsoft created more millionaire employees, faster, than any company in American history- more than 10,000 by the late 1990s. While the company is certainly more than a place to get rich, executives still realize that money matters. One former manager claims that the human resources’ department actually kept a running chart of employee satisfaction versus the company’s stocks prices. â€Å"When the stock was up, human resources could turn off the ventilation and everybody would say they were happy. When the stock was down, we could give people massages and they would tell us that the massages were too hard.† In the go-go 1990s, when Microsoft stock was doubling every few months and yearly stock splits were predictable, employees not only got to participate in Microsoft’s manifest destiny, they could get rich in the process. By the spring of 2002, with the world in a recession, stock prices down and the growth for Microsoft products slowing, it wasn’t so clear what was driving its employees to continue the company’s dominance of software industry.

Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

The Shakespearian tragedy, Macbeth has been said to be one of Shakespeare’s most profound and mature visions of evil. In Macbeth we find not gloom but blackness, a man who finds himself encased in evil. Macbeth believes that his predicaments and the evils that he commits are worth everything he will have to endure. In spite of this towards the end of the play he realizes that everything he went through, was not worth the crown, or the high price he had to pay of losing his wife, and finding himself alone. Macbeth is shown as a kind and righteous man in the beginning of the play. He is the Thane of Glamis, and a brave warrior among men and is highly regarded by the king of Scotland. All these traits make Macbeth great. Conversely, several factors transform this one great man into a great tyrant and a malevolent murderer. Macbeth grows great throughout the play yet in reality becomes less and less as a man. Macbeth proves that wearing a crown and having the power does not fulfi ll all of one’s dreams and fantasies. Being the king does not necessarily make the man. In the first act we meet the witches and the mood of Macbeth is set-dark, gloomy, evil, supernatural- a perfect atmosphere to accompany the tragic hero. When Macbeth first meets the witches he is at the height of his moral ascendancy. He is Thane of Glamis and he just slaughtered a traitor from the Netherlands in the name of Scotland. However, Macbeth’s curiosity begins to stir when these three witches tell him of his fate. â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter!† (Act 1, Sc.3 48-50) Macbeth is already the Thane of Glamis and the audience knows that King Duncan named him Thane of Cawdor. However, the last two prophecies could not make sense to Macbeth, and what they reveal to Banquo is even more puzzling. â€Å"Thou shall get kings, though thou, be none.† (Act 1, Sc.3 67) A curious Macbeth yearns to know more when the witches suddenly vanish. A moment later, the prophecies prove to be true. â€Å"And, for earnest of a greater honour, He bade me, From him, call thee Thane of Cawdor: In which addition, Hail! Most worthy Thane, for it is thine!† (Act 1, Sc.3 104-107) Macbeth wants to test the truth by asking Banquo if he also believes that the rest of the prophecies could be true. Banquo is suspicio... ...m; And let the angel whom thou still Hast served tell thee, Macduff was from his mother’s womb Untimely ripped.† (Act 5 Sc. 8 13-16) Alone, confused, frustrated and shamed Macbeth dies a warrior by the sword of the worthy Macduff. In the fatal end Macbeth was called upon to pay the price for all his wrong doings. Macbeth could have been a great man. Macbeth was Thane of Cawdor and Glamis and most importantly respected by the King. Macbeth had a loving wife and a dear friend in Banquo and all this he yearned for, when he realized little to late he had it already. Had it not been for his belief in his own charmed existence and his belief in supernatural prophecies, if he had listened to Banquo’s warning, he would have never risked everything he loved, everything he had, and his own life for that crown. If Macbeth did not have so much pride in his own ambition he would have been a happy and respected man. â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on the other.† (Act 1 Sc. 7 25-30) Macbeth spoke these words in the beginning of the play and it was still to early in time, for him to realize how true that really was.

Friedrich Engels Life and Beliefs :: biography Economics Society History Essays

Friedrich Engels' Life and Beliefs Revolutionaries are not necessarily born but are made. Friedrich Engels is an excellent example of this because his history and family life does not reflect his career path. Unlike Marx, he was born of a â€Å"well-to-do† authoritarian textile manufacturer on November 28, 1820 in Barmen, Germany. By the age of fifteen his parents were very concerned with his behavior. In a letter written by his father he was said to have had a â€Å"lack of character† and â€Å"other unpleasant qualities†. Friedrich was receiving substandard grades, and he was disobedient despite the strict discipline at home. His father saw promise in him despite his disobedience, but was continuously troubled by his son’s actions. These acts can be seen as a sign of his future rebellion toward society. [ii] Friedrich Engels’ biographical information is important to know because it gives the reader and understanding of what shaped Engels’ views in the Communist Manifesto . The Prussian Province in which Engels was raised was the most industrialized place in Germany at the time. This gave Engels the ability to see the growing aspect of capitalism in society. He soon noticed the conflict between the labor and management. Even in his early years he showed concern for â€Å"social injustices†.[iii] Everyday when he went to school, he passed factories where workers â€Å" ‘breathed in more smoke and out more dust than oxygen’, where children were imprisoned from the age of six, to be ‘victims of capitalist exploitation’.† [iv] He saw the poor work from morning until night and the homeless who slept in stables or on dung heaps. He watched as society escaped reality by slipping into a state of drunkenness each evening. He noticed the fierce competition among the industries creating an even more demanding atmosphere that showed no improvement in the current situation. His keen observations drove him to take actio n, especially since he was the son of a factory owner.[v] He worked as a business apprentice during the day hours, and in 1842 he eventually traveled to England to learn commerce and management. In his spare time he visited the workers’ quarters in Manchester where he saw the same exploitation of the working class as he did back in Germany. Grief stricken families lived in filth and poverty because of the controlling bourgeoisie. These experiences continued to play a large role in shaping his political views.

What is the global role of the WTO?

The paper contains a discussion about the roles of WTO. The roles of WTO in promoting international trade, globalization, good interrelationships and dispute resolution have been explained. The background about the organization has been provided to link its role with the mandate provided by its founders. The current issues affecting the organization such as the global recession of the 2007-2009 have been discussed to explain how the organization has intervened in the problem. Criticisms of the organization have been discussed towards the end of the essay to show the shortfalls affecting it. Introduction Many leaders of the world felt that after the World War II, trade was the only tool that could be used to reverse the negative trends of the war. They developed multilateral organizations to control trade between different countries of the world. Several agreements on trade were created to enhance the member countries practice favorable trade. Most of the economies had been closed before and during the war to avoid the ripple effects of poor economic practices from foreign countries. The establishment of the trade agreements led to the removal of many trade barriers which had been placed. WTO was created to monitor the activities of trade among the countries in the global scene. Since its establishment, the organization has played the role of negotiating trade agreements and assisting the poor countries. The organization has also helped in the economic recovery of many countries after the global recession that affected the world economies recently (World Trade Organization, 2010). Role of WTO in promoting international trade World Trade Organization (WTO) was created to control trade between the member countries. Currently the organization has 152 member countries. More than 95 percent of the world trade is regulated by WTO (Fergusson, 2008). After the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was abolished, WTO was established. The organization was founded in 1995 to take over the activities of GATT. After the World War II, countries discussed ways of promoting economic development through trade. Open trade was among the key factors discussed as a tool to enhance trade through removal of discriminatory trade barriers (World Trade Organization, 2010). WTO has its headquarters located in Geneva. More than 625 staffs are employed at the headquarters to control the activities of the organization. The organization had a budget of approximately $152 million in 2007 (Fergusson, 2008). A Director-General heads the organization. Pascal Lamy of France currently holds the position of the Director-General. The member countries make decisions about the operations of the organization. The staff of WTO has no mandate to make any decision. A consensus system is used to make decisions but not a formal vote. A Ministerial Conference makes high-level policy decisions. The conference is composed of representatives from the member countries and they meet after two years. The General Council has members drawn from all the member countries. They make operational decisions and they meet each month. The rules of WTO are revised regularly through negotiations (rounds) to create new ones to accommodate the changing trade climate. The developing nations benefit more from the negotiations since most of the agreements are established to improve the economic status of the developing countries (World Trade Organization, 2010). The current situation of WTO A new round of multilateral trade negotiations was started at the Doha meeting in 2001 during the fourth Ministerial Conference of WTO. Negotiations about trade in agriculture and trade in services have been going on for a long period of time. Greater trade liberalization has been the main agenda of the rounds as the developed nations seek a free market system in the international market. The September 11th terrorists attack in America encouraged the member countries to establish negotiations about reducing the effects of economic recession and terrorism (Sally, 2003). Several regional agreements have been established under WTO to enhance trade. By 2007, 385 regional trade agreements had been created. Currently only 197 are operational (Fergusson, 2008). Trade agreements are more effective in opening trade between countries. They are easier to negotiate and provide more liberalization. However, these negotiations violate the nondiscriminatory principles of WTO. Developing countries have been disadvantaged by the establishment of the regional agreements since they cannot access the markets in developed countries (Sally, 2003; World Trade Organization 2010). The Doha meeting discussed the issues relating to the global recession, terrorists activities and the increasing number of trade agreements. Other issues discussed were improving trade in agriculture and trade in services. Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) was amended. The interest of the developing nations has been a major concern since the developed countries have dominated discussions in the past rounds (World Trade Organization, 2010). Role of WTO in trade dispute resolution WTO is involved in settling disputes concerning trade between countries. As countries trade with each other, conflicts come up and WTO is used as a mediator to solve such disputes. The organization has the power to mediate trade disputes among the member countries. Some of the trade disputes relate to bad trade policies adopted by some countries upon others. WTO acts as a custodian to international law and uses the international law on trade to enforce the international trade laws. Countries which disobey the rules encounter sanctions which may hinder them from operating in the international trade. All countries have an obligation to follow the rules provided by WTO (Information for Development Program. 2010). Role of WTO in improving international relations International relations refer to the co-existence between two or more countries. Private businesses, governments, international investors and other parties are involved in the transactions of international business. WTO helps the countries of the world interact peacefully with each other. This has reduced conflicts which may arise due to differences in culture and other aspects. WTO helps international leaders unite in the fight against terrorism. Many countries have developed a system of establishing a common pool of ideas. Sharing in ideas among the countries has improved peace in the world. WTO settles disputes arising from bad trade practices. Such disputes if not controlled may result into war which can cause a lot of destruction. When countries are at peace with each other, international trade becomes more possible and exchange of goods and services is enhanced. Good international relationships have enhanced economic growth and development of the countries of the world. Economic growth and development is described as the increase in the wealth, infrastructure and the living standards of the people living in a country. When countries are at peace with each other, they can participate properly in trade and create more wealth. Conflicts between countries lead to destruction of property and poor trade. WTO has encouraged peaceful coexistence between countries and this has been a factor which has promoted growth and development of many economies (World Trade Organization, 2010). Role of WTO in globalization WTO has been involved in the globalization of many economies in the world. Regulation about the global activities has been done by WTO to ensure fare practices are exercised by the countries of the world. Globalization refers to the opening up of the international boundaries and the exchange of information between different countries. Globalization has improved the exchange of technologies and knowledge between countries. As economies become open more people with skills can move to other countries where there is high market potential for their labor. The public sector alone cannot accommodate all the skilled labor in a country and trade provides more employment opportunities for the people in a nation. The introduction of the internet has increased efficiency in trade by enabling people transfer information more easily. Trade attracts private investment and this generates more capital in the economy. The gross domestic product of a country increases with increase in global trade. Growth and development of an economy is accelerated by trade since more income is generated and the living standards of the people are improved (Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan, 2007). Poverty levels in both developing and developed countries have declined by greater margins due to participation of countries in the international trade. Economies have acquired more wealth and the gross domestic product of countries has improved. WTO has become the custodian of international law on trade. The enforcement of trade laws about good trade practices has been possible after the creation of WTO. The establishment of regional and multilateral trade agreements was experienced after WTO was created. This has encouraged many countries remove barriers to trade (World Trade Organization 2010). Regulation of the 2007-2009 economic recessions by WTO The financial crisis was initiated by poor lending practices of the U. S. banks. The subprime mortgage industry failed and caused many other sectors of the economy to fail. Subprime mortgages are policies which have a high risk of default. Subprime borrowers are the people with low incomes and have a poor credit history. They have higher risk of default compared to the prime borrowers. The crisis started with the rise in prices for basic products due to the international increase in fuel prices. The prices of oil and food products increased within a short duration leading to an economic crisis which affected many people in the US. The prices for many products increased and inflation was experienced all over the country. Many subprime borrowers had low incomes and the rise in prices for basic products increased the expenses for their living. Many companies retrenched employees to accommodate the increasing production costs. The borrowers were unable to repay the loans resulting to massive defaults. More than 100 subprime mortgage intermediaries filed for bankruptcy. Reacquisition of the houses from the defaulters caused a lot of people to become homeless (Platt, 2008). The US government had deregulated the real estate mortgages leading to massive investment in subprime mortgages. This caused the risky lending of subprime mortgages. The sub-prime mortgages were initially not popular but they became widely used in the 1990s. The climax of the sub prime mortgages was in 2006 when they accounted for more than 21 percent of all mortgages traded in the US market. The value of subprime mortgages in 2006 was valued at $600 billion. Many subprime mortgage intermediaries were established to reap the benefits of the expanding industry (Stapledon, 2009). The world economies have experienced a major decline due to poor performance of many industries. This is a crisis which has affected all sectors of the economy. Williams (2009) claims that the crisis was initiated by the subprime mortgage lending crisis in the US. The banking sector issued many loans to subprime mortgage intermediaries. Due to the expanding market in the sub prime mortgage market, many banks issued unsecured loans to the intermediaries. The climax of the boom was reached in 2007 when the prices of products started to increase and many subprime mortgage lenders were unable to repay their loans. This led to massive default of debts and banks registered huge losses. This reduced the lending capacity of many banks. The resulting effect was lack of credit in the economy and the collapse of many companies (Stapledon, 2009). The World Trade Organization has negotiated with the oil producing countries to reduce the oil prices as one of the measures to reduce the effects of the crisis. The global oil prices increased causing the prices of many products to rise. The high product prices caused inflation in the whole world. WTO has also encouraged trade by persuading some countries remove the trade barriers they had placed upon their trade partners when the crisis was at climax (Stephen, 2008). Criticisms of WTO The developed nations have dominated the activities and policies of WTO. For example, according to Anderson (2005) With decision-making based on a consensus system, so each member has equal decision-making power, the WTO is held to be the most democratic of all the international institutions with a global mandate. In practice, however, the working methods of the WTO lack transparency, inclusiveness and equity, (pp. 431). There have been conflicts as the developing nations are becoming concerned about the great influence the developed nations have on the decisions in these organization. The interests of each country should be represented during the negotiations to ensure that conflicts do not arise afterwards (Amadeo, 2010). Despite the establishment of the trade organizations, many countries continue to place more trade discrimination measures upon other countries. â€Å"They include not just trade taxes-cum-subsidies but also contingent protection measures such as anti-dumping, regulatory standards that can be technical barriers to trade, and domestic production subsidies,† Anderson (2005, pg. 415). Many trade distortions have occurred since the global economies were established. Conclusion WTO has been successful in improving trade between the member countries. More regional and multilateral trade agreements have been established after the creation of WTO. The developed countries have dominated discussions at the Ministerial Conferences of WTO. International trade has been effective in alleviating poverty. Economies have expanded their operations and more GDP has been generated by countries with improved systems of international trade. Poverty still affects many countries in the world and much effort need be done to address the issue. Globalization has increased trade between nations and has also enabled access to many technologies and knowledge about production. Trade has been used as a tool for alleviating poverty in many countries. International relationships have improved with the introduction of the WTO. The organization has encouraged the member countries interact with each other to enhance understanding. The global recession was brought to a halt by WTO when it intervened in the global economic systems which had caused the failure of many economies. The organization has promoted the economic growth and development of many economies as well as encouraging international peace. The activities of WTO have been criticized for the excess domination by the developed countries. This remains a barrier to the achievement of the goals of WTO.

The Effects of Computers on Our Everyday Lives

Computers have changed the lives of people’s in many ways. Now sitting in front of the computer, peoples can easily get access to the Internet by a simple click of mouse. Over the entire world 80 percent of people use the Internet every day. On computer people can simply do anything such as, a slide show presentation, a good communication, creating your own assignment, music, or art etc. They can also get a useful information and media on the Internet. For these reason people deeply use computers at places such as schools, hospitals, offices, and at home etc.There are the lots of positive and negative effects of computers. Some of the positive effects are faster communication, an organization of data and information, computerization of tasks, and easier access to the information. Some of the negative effects of computers are human’s break their social interact with friends and families, cause back problem, depression, and poor health. One of the best effects of computer is helping students and workers to complete and ensure of their works. For example, most of the students can easily access to a wealth of information, study online, and translate words or texts on computers.Students can also easily find information for assignment with in a minute by the helping of wireless technology. There are many of social networking site of learning math’s, reading, history and science, and online learning language. And there are also some negative points of computers on learning. For instance, teachers give assignments to students for their knowledge but some students didn’t do by themselves they just research on net and do copy paste from the site and then they submit their assignment to the teacher this is not good for them.They should also use their brain. Moreover, computers give many opportunities to meet new people. There are many social networking sites in which people can interact with others as such Facebook, Skype, and my space etc. Whe n people use these sites they reconnect with old friends and classmates. They can share their pictures and songs with their friends. Wireless technology helps people to talk with friends anywhere easily. These are the positives effects of computers.Now negatives effects of computers are its can also damage people relationship with parents and friends by using too much computer, some people misuse pictures, videos of others on social networking sites, and some sites are not good for some kids. In case, a person who spends more time on a computer can also cause back problem, may complain about headaches, and pains in their wrists, arms and necks. These pains are often the result of a fixed position when people using the computer keyboard for a long amount of time. It’s better to take breaks when typing on the computer.Eye and other problems are the most common health complaints of computer users. This kind of health issue comes as no surprise to anyone a person who has worked f or long time periods in front of a computer. Of course, there are so many cause and effects of computer. A person who use computer daily for long time period, make sure you sit with your back straight and lower back should touch the back rest the whole time as well as your legs should bend to the knee. You can also support your back by pillow if needed. Keep your feet on the floor all the time or use something like box if your feet don’t reach at the floor.

Motorcycle Safety

About 3,000 people die everyday on roads around the world with another 30,000 more surviving but are severely disabled.   At this rate, road traffic accidents may become the third leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2010 (Wells, Mullin, Norton, Langley, Connor, Lay-Yee, R. & Jackson, 2004).   Because of the severity of this issue, the authors have conducted a study to determine the causes of road traffic accidents among motorcycle drivers.   The study was focused to determine if the ability of motorcyclists to be seen on the road to be a vital cause for motorcycle accidents on the road (Wells, et al., 2004). The study was conducted over a period of three years in Auckland, New Zealand where the authors selected 150 survey sites on major motorways.   The study was conducted on random times between six in the morning and midnight on different days of the week and different directions of travel. The participants of the survey were randomly selected on the road and were interviewed as to whether they use their headlights during the daytime, if the driver uses reflective or fluorescent clothing materials while on the road, the color of the motorcycle vehicle, the color of the clothing of the driver and the helmet color used by the driver.   Based on their findings, they were able to conclude that the use of headlights during the daytime, reflective or fluorescent clothing and light color helmets greatly reduced the chances of the driver from being involved in a motorcycle accident that may result to severe injuries or death (Wells, et al., 2004). Although the article was informative as to what precautions a motorcycle driver can take in order to avoid getting involved into a major road accident that could kill the driver or leave the driver permanently disabled, the study is very limited in that they only concentrated on how the visibility of the motorcycle driver is on the road.   It did not take into consideration other factors such as alcohol consumption on the part of the motorcycle driver or other motor vehicles, speeding and drowsiness. References Wells, S., Mullin, B., Norton, R., Langley, J., Connor, J., Lay-Yee, R. & Jackson, R.   (2004, February 2).   Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study. BMJ. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.      

The Run-DMC Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Run-DMC Revolution - Essay Example (Biography, 2008) As for hip-hop, there is no question-Run-DMC, composed of Joseph "Run" Simmons, Darryl "DMC" McDaniel, and Jason "Jam Master Jay" Mizell, was and will always be considered as the king of this genre. With the group's unique vision and attitude, the foundation for rap music that was "on top" was laid, making hip-hop last for more than two decades now. (Chuck D, 2004) After releasing its debut single "It's Like That" in 1983, the flames for a revolution were fanned and it made hip-hop another front liner in mainstream music and caught the attention of television networks. It also brought the music genre to the platinum realm and into our own time's rap and rock frontier. (Biography, 2008) With six albums under their belts, namely Run-D.M.C. (1984), King of Rock (1985), Raising Hell (1986), Tougher than Leather (1988), Down With the King (1993) and Crown Royal (2001) (Biography, 2008), could very well be considered as the Beatles of hip-hop. According to Chuck D of the rap band Public Enemy, Run and DMC can be likened to Lennon and McCartney respectively, while Jam Master Jay was George and Ringo rolled into one. He even went as far as saying that Jay-Z, Black Star, OutKast, the Roots, and everyone else in hip-hop today can be traced back to Run-DMC. (Chuck D, 2004) And many seem to agree. ... which was quoted at the start of this paper, Ice-T also said, "Until Run-DMC I thought that hip-hop was something that was only going to be done in basements and in clubs. I went to a Run-DMC concert and they actually made me believe that hip-hop could be big. Rap was never at that level. We'd never seen it like that." (Chuck D, 2004) Run-DMC, run Run-DMC's roots may be traced to the working class New York community of Hollis, Queens. Run Simmons started honing his "rhyming apparatus" in 1982 in the suburban neighborhood. While barely progressing on the then unfinished hit single "It's Like That," he turned to his childhood friend Darryl McDaniels for help. Together, they were able to compose several songs, showing a promise of a very fruitful collaboration. (Biography, 2008) Russell Simmons, also known as Russell Rush and Run's older brother, signed up the band in 1983 to his own newly founded management company, Rush Productions, after Run-DMC signed a record deal with Profile Records the very same year. (Biography, 2008) Setting new trends by dressing in tight leather jackets and pants, fedora hats, bling-blings, and signature Adidas sneakers, the group inspired the hip-hop street image of the 1980's and most hip-hop artists still dress the same way 20 years later. (Chuck D, 2004) Not only that, the debut single "It's Like That" ruled the airwaves for more than a year, forcing several R&B stations to move the song from night-time rap shows to day-time regular shows, reflective of how much respect hip-hop was commanding then because of the rap act. (Biography, 2008) After the group has sold a quarter of a million copies, Run decided to recruit his old basketball and DJ buddy Jason Mizell. And so the rap act was completed. (Biography, 2008) As fate would

Artists Think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Artists Think - Essay Example A question here arises as to why can’t the artists speak rather than sketching their feelings into a picture. An answer to this question is that some feelings cannot be expressed in words but rather can be expressed by sketching. These feelings can only be understood better by looking at the picture. Artists have a unique way of drawing these pictures to tell how they feel about these issues. They work on their drawing so that the audience can feel the theme of the drawing. Artists feel that a sketch can appeal more to an audience rather than simple words. It can be said that truly artists are able to express their feelings and emotions through a drawing. The pictures speak more than the words according to the artists as these pictures can present a whole picture of the event. The artists work on their drawings to give the audience a better picture of the whole event. It can be clearly said that these artists are able to express better in pictures than in speaking.

The Living Theatre- Julian Beck and Judith Malina Term Paper

The Living Theatre- Julian Beck and Judith Malina - Term Paper Example Malina, unlike Piscator, was committed to nonviolence and anarchism. Malina met her husband, Beck, in 1943 when he was a student at Yale University. Beck, a painter, came to share her interest in political theatre and in 1947 the couple founded The Living Theatre. Malina appeared occasionally in films, beginning in 1975. In 2008 she was honored with an annual Artistic Achievement Award from the New York Innovative Theatre Awards (Ruth et al, 15-17). In 2009, she was honored with the Edwin Booth Award from the Doctoral Theatre Students Association of the City University of New York. Other awards include an honorary doctorate from Lehman College among others. Julian Beck, an American actor, director, poet and painter, was born in New York City in 1925 and died in 1985. He briefly attended Yale University, but dropped out to pursue writing and art (Ruth et al, 41-42). He was an Abstract Expressionist painter in the 1940s, but his career turned upon meeting his future wife. He met her in 1943 and quickly came to share her passion for theatre; they founded The Living Theatre in 1947. Beck’s philosophy of theatre carried over into his life. He once said, â€Å"We insisted on experimentation that was an image for a changing society. If one can experiment in theatre, one can experiment in life.† He was indicted a dozen times on three continents for charges such as disorderly conduct, indecent exposure, possession of narcotics, and failing to participate in a civil defense drill (Takis 44). Besides his theatre work, Beck published several volumes of poetry reflecting his anarchist beliefs, two nonfiction books and had several film appearances. He was diagnosed with cancer in 1983 and died two years later. The Living Theatre has staged nearly a hundred productions performed in eight languages in 28 countries on five continents. This is a unique body of work that has influenced theatre all over the

New York vs Belton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New York vs Belton - Essay Example Belton†). The issue was that the police officer had arrested the men before searching and finding the drugs without a warrant to do so(â€Å"New York v. Belton†) In this case, the courts ruled that â€Å"whenever the police arrest people in a car, they may search the passenger compartment without a warrant†(â€Å"New York v. Belton†). Additonally, it was made clear that police officers may search through a car and items in the car after an arrest. However, the courts made it clear that police officers needed to have â€Å"good reason† for searching the car without a warrant. This decision was written by Justice Potter Stewart on July 1, 1981(â€Å"New York v. Belton†). After the decision was made, trouble arose when three of the judges on the case decided that they did not agree with the ruling and dissented because they felt that the decision went too far in not protecting the right to privacy(â€Å"New York v.