Classics Oral Tradition Essays (601 words) - Holden Caulfield

Works of art Oral Tradition Annonymous Holden Caulfield is youngster apprehension bull-poop with a pickax. He's snide, dreadful, and totally unlikeable. He likewise doesn't give a poop. He is each youngster got between the crapy little rounds of secondary school (you're expected to murder yourself if the football crew loses or something) and the dread of adulthood (going to find an office line of work and rake in boatloads of cash like the remainder of the fakes). The significance in Holden Caulfield is that what he needs to state is better than a million Celestine Prophecies or anything said by Jonathan Livingston Seagull (put something aside for the screeches after you shoot him) or Jesus (put something aside for the fanciful hello Peter I can see your home from here). Holden Caulfield says that life sucks, everybody is a fake, and you'll be definitely disillusioned by everybody that you hold in stunningness. On the off chance that you think that this sounds horrendous, pose yourself one inquiry. When was the last time you found any satisfaction in viewing Barney or the Care Bears? It isn't exactly what he says yet the manner in which he says it. He experiences life mentioning dead-on objective facts that totally dart the kneecaps away from under the terminally vainglorious. At the point when an effective undertaker tells the school to follow his model and supplicate when things turn sour, it is Holden Caulfield who brings up that the person is petitioning God for additional individuals to kick the bucket. He's discouraged by nuns and irritated by shallow sweethearts, while in affection with his non-romantic companion. Considerably additionally fascinating is the way that Caulfield's general annoyed mentality and his hormones are inseparably connected. He basically needs to slaughter his flat mate, Stradlatter, on the grounds that Stradlatter may have screwed a young lady he wants. He culpably confesses to making out with fakes, and in a significant admission he admits to being a virgin. He gets the poo beat out of him by a displeased pimp in the wake of concluding that he doesn't need a to have sex with a whore for the silliest of reasons.(he simply discovered it perturbing to see her take her garments off without fanfare.)The truth that his younger sibling has simply passed on and that he's being kicked out of one more school comes in just short of the win to the entire sex question. In other words, Holden Caulfield is a person; generalization away. What is additionally intriguing is the manner by which intently Caulfield catches the disposition furthermore, culture of youth. There is the position framework where Caulfield abhors and wishes to be his flat mate Stradlatter. In the interim zit-encrusted Ackley, whom he possibly should feel compassion toward, is an irritating person that Holden can hardly wait to escape his room. He's thoughtful to the rule's little girl, saying that it's not her shortcoming what sort of a knave her dad is, and without overlooking anything comments on the reality that she cushions her bra. Mercilessness and disappointment are blended, yet the satire level permits you to chuckle at your own excruciating recollections. In truth, in the same way as other of his fans, Holden Caulfield ends up being nuts or at any rate dwelling in a crazy refuge. (Apologies, on the off chance that you feel that those idiotic shock endings are the best motivation to understand Salinger.) Yet, in Caulfield's madness, there is an otherworldly topic. By being the pissed off, frightful, skeptical crazy jerk; Holden Caulfield proposes that it is alright to be a poop. Your reactions of the world are not invalid and nothing you state or believe is terrible to such an extent that you have to subdue it. Amusingly, this isn't just something that is basic to endurance (particularly in the event that you are an adolescent and urgently attempting to keep up your lily-white mental self portrait) but at the same time is the way to eventually turning into a better than average caring individual. Keep your prophets, ministers and shamans. I'll take Holden Caulfield over them quickly.

Recession of USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Downturn of USA - Research Paper Example The underlying reaction remembered the analysis for the subprime contract emergency and how money related foundations misused this market so as to book higher dangers in the records. Resulting conversations likewise incorporated the disappointment of the administrative bodies to have a viable mind the budgetary establishments and their conduct, job of reasonable worth bookkeeping just as the voracity and desire of money related organizations to concentrate on accomplishing transient productivity while disregarding the drawn out effects of the equivalent on the reasonability of the framework. This paper will endeavor to investigate and comprehend concerning what elements brought about these emergency, how the emergency extended, what was the underlying reaction of the legislature, did it worked, how the strategies of current organization are not quite the same as old lastly how can it measure to the short run and since quite a while ago run macroeconomics of the nation. What caused th e downturn in US? A mellow downturn in US existed in early long stretches of 2000s when US, subsequent to seeing a time of financial flourishing began to give the indications of monetary downturn. This downturn anyway couldn't last longer as it just existed for not exactly a year. It is likewise imperative to take note of that such sort of downturn was additionally experienced by European Union and other created nations moreover. This was be that as it may, considered as a characteristic response of the economy in the wake of arriving at its top in a large portion of the created nations including US. This was additionally a period when website bubble burst and top level corporate fakes and embarrassments began to rise. During the mid 2000 NASDAQ smashed because of the website air pocket and FED likewise began to build the loan fees. It is accepted that the predictable and slow increment in the loan costs by FED additionally contributed towards the formation of downturn in the econom y during mid 2000s. (Reddish, 2006) This was additionally a time of 9/11 when psychological militant assaults on US came about into the sharp decrease in Dow Jones just as its effect on various areas of the economy extraordinarily carrier industry. Further, US needs to redirect critical assets towards the war therefore expanding the administration consumption. This downturn be that as it may, was not as harming as the downturn which began to rise during 2007 because of the budgetary emergency in the nation. The current monetary downturn in the nation is in this manner an immediate aftereffect of the money related emergency which began to develop during 2007. The budgetary emergency in US began with the subprime contract emergency when the subprime contract holders began to default on their commitments. Subprime borrowers are those borrowers whose record as a consumer isn't acceptable and they couldn't get the credit on typical footing and conditions. Because of their general circums tance, they represent a more serious hazard in this way so as to loan them, it gets basic for the banks to charge them higher financing costs. In view of the hazard and return rules banks in this manner began to loan to such borrowers in an offer to win higher productivity while disregarding the dangers related with such borrowers. The issue be that as it may, became basic when the banks began to securitize their subprime contract portfolio and gave contract sponsored protections offering subprime contract portfolio as insurance. (Streams and SIMON, 2007). When subprime borrowers began to get reprobate on their obligat

Writing a Narrative Essay Topic For Grade 10

Writing a Narrative Essay Topic For Grade 10Writing a narrative essay is difficult, but you can improve upon it with effective narrative essay topics for grade 10. In order to be successful in your essay, you must focus on the reader. There are few other topics that help you to be more creative with the kind of writing you will be doing. With this in mind, it is essential that you spend some time thinking about how to utilize the most interesting narrative essay topics for grades 10 you will encounter in your college writing assignments.A good way to keep the writer focused on the topic at hand is to get them to write about something they know well. Use this tip for any kind of essay, whether they're writing a thesis or an essay about a specific topic. Simply get them to write about something they've been into before. The reason for this is to help them focus on the story and the theme of the article. A couple of great examples are:Find the person in the story. This one can apply to any type of story, no matter what kind of subject you are writing about. In the case of a narrative essay, the student may have spent a lot of time with their grandparents in their younger years. In order to make sure that they're fully aware of their lives as it relates to the grandparents, they need to find the person they're going to be discussing in the article. They can find this person by either asking their grandparents about them or finding a family tree online that includes a person of interest.Research the topic. While many writers use research as a crutch to skip writing on a particular topic, it can actually help you stay on task and avoid boring arguments. Just make sure to really research the topic, and don't be afraid to pay attention to where you're getting your information from. For example, when you use research to figure out why people make different decisions in certain situations, you're being more honest about your understanding of the situation you're dealing with.Incorporate the person. The easiest way to do this is to include the character in the story. You can do this by using the same words or different words that describe the character. The main difference is that characters in a story will be doing things. This can be a lot easier than actually talking about the characters as they do things.Take the audience into the story. If you're dealing with a current problem, be sure to talk about what's going on within the community. Everyone should know what's going on in the current society, so just bring it up for the reader. If the topic of your essay is politics, talk about how politicians make decisions based on the needs of the community.Think about your readers. When you're writing a narrative essay, don't forget that you're writing for a specific audience. The most successful narrative essays aren't written for a completely general audience. Every group of people who have an interest in the topic of the essay can relate to the probl em that you're dealing with.Writing a narrative essay is an art form, but with the proper narrative essay topics for grades 10, it's easier to be creative. Focus on the people, the story, and the theme in order to make sure that your paper will be a success. You can be certain that when you get to school, it will be another successful experience for you.

Organizational Culture and Performance †Evidence from the...

Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKFSTFood Service Technology1471-5732Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 20055†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢2334Original ArticleCulture and performanceT. Øgaard, S. Larsen E. Marnburg Peer review Organizational culture and performance – evidence from the fast food restaurant industry Torvald Øgaard,* Svein Larsen*†  and Einar Marnburg* *The Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Stavanger University, Stavanger, Norway; † Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Abstract Correspondence: Torvald Øgaard, The Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Stavanger University, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. Tel: +47 51 83 15 97; Fax: +47 51 83 37 08; E-mail: torvald.ogaard@nhs.his.no Keywords: hospitality industry,†¦show more content†¦2005 Food Service Technology, 5, pp. 23–34 23 24 Culture and performance T. Øgaard, S. Larsen E. Marnburg to allow for decentralization and empowerment, where the individual branch manager’s expected behaviour becomes so complicated that simple governance by rules is unfeasible. In this case, individual behaviour is more regulated by individual competence, and individual and shared values (Ouchi 1980; Dolan Garcia 2002) than by rules. Organizational culture may be deï ¬ ned as an interdependent set of shared values and ways of behaving that are common to the organization and tend to perpetuate themselves (Kotter Heskett 1992). Organizational culture has been assumed to have important implications, not only for the individual’s affective reactions to organizational life, but also for the organizational performance (Kotter Heskett 1992; Harris Mossholder 1996; Dwyer et al. 2000; Kemp Dwyer 2001; Dolan Garcia 2002; Tepeci Bartlett 2002). Chan et al. (2004) have suggested that organizational culture can be a valuable resource for companies, especially for service indus tries. In spite of the obvious call for knowledge about organizational culture and performance in the restaurant and hospitality industry, relatively little research has been conducted so far. Studies to date have mainly been in-depth case studies (e.g. Dwyer et al. 2000; Kemp Dwyer 2001), which produce valuable insights but offerShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Mcdonald s Company4951 Words   |  20 PagesName: Instructor: Course: Date: McDonald case study Introduction McDonalds was first incorporated in the year 1955 in USA with a single restaurant. Currently, McDonald has transformed to be the biggest and the fastest growing in the industry of fast food services (Employee handbook, 18). The corporation sales are now at a staggering $30 billion an year contributed by the 21,000 stores that are located across 101 different nations around the world. 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Although bureaucracy has been synonymous to red tape and has negatives effects such as â€Å"rigidity, alienation and low commitment† (Adler, 1999, p.37) and dehumanizing people (Grey, 2009), the characteristics of bureaucracy such as specialization, hierarchy of authority, system of rules and impersonality (Stewart, 1986) as well as evidence of ongoing existence of thisRead MoreThe Ideas of the Classical Theorists, Particularly Those of Bureaucracy and Scientific Management, Are Generally Considered as Rather Old Fashion and Out of Date, and of Little Relevan ce to Work and Organization Today. Is This Really the Case?2643 Words   |  11 Pagesorganizations have moved from industrial revolution to the information age due to the fast-paced change in technology (Toffler, 1984). 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Why You Should Not Mix Alcohol and Bleach

Mixing alcohol and bleach is never a good idea, as the combination results in chloroform, a powerful sedative that can cause you to pass out. You should always be careful when handling these chemicals. Chemical Reaction Ordinary household bleach contains sodium hypochlorite, which reacts with ethanol or isopropyl alcohol to produce chloroform (CHCl3), hydrochloric acid  (HCl),  and other compounds, such as chloroacetone or dichloroacetate. Unintentional mixing of these chemicals could occur from trying to clean up a spill using bleach or from mixing cleaners. Bleach is highly reactive and forms dangerous compounds when mixed with any number of chemicals, so avoid combining it with other products. Dangers of Chloroform Chloroform is a dangerous chemical that irritates the eyes, respiratory system, and skin. It can damage the nervous system, eyes, lungs, skin, liver, kidneys, and other organs, and may even cause cancer. The chemical is readily absorbed into the body through the skin and through inhalation and ingestion. If you suspect that you have been exposed to chloroform, remove yourself from the contaminated area and seek medical attention. Chloroform is a potent anesthetic that can knock you out. It is also the cause of sudden sniffers death, a fatal cardiac arrhythmia some people experience upon exposure. Over time, chloroform in the presence of oxygen (as in air) naturally degrades to produce phosgene, dichloromethane, carbon monoxide, formyl chloride, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Even once the chloroform has broken down, you should avoid these chemicals. Phosgene, for example, is a notorious chemical agent. It was responsible for around 85% of the deaths from chemical weapons during World War I. Disposing of a Bleach-and-Alcohol Mixture If you accidentally mix these chemicals and need to dispose of the waste, dont try to neutralize it. First, use caution and do not enter the contaminated area if you smell chloroform, which has a heavy, sweet-smelling odor. Once the smell begins to dissipate, dilute the mixture with large volumes of water and wash it down the drain as quickly as possible. Acetone and Bleach Although this is a less common mixture, do not mix acetone and bleach, as this reaction also produces chloroform: 3NaClO C3H6O → CHCl3   2NaOH NaOCOCH3 Ultimately, mixing bleach with any chemical except water is an extremely bad idea. Bleach reacts with vinegar, ammonia, and most household cleaners to produce toxic fumes.

Analysis of the Novel A Farewell to Arms by Ernest...

In the book A Farewell to Arms, Catherines passion for her values and motivations prove to, not only direct her, but direct Henry towards a fulfilled life. Catherine had an intense desire for love, dedication, and redemption. Through her love, she convinces Henry to live his life in a zealous way and take risks for a good cause. As a result of her dedication to a loved one, her liberating relationship is prolonged. Catherines yearning for redemption drives Henry to commit to their love. Also it helps her repair her void of lost love. Love helps them get though the war and work up the courage to run away. She is able to share her passion with Henry, which makes him find contentment within his life. Catherine, in mourning for her dead fiancà ©, seduces Henry to distance herself from the pain of his death. Similarly, Henry attempts to stop the talk about war. Henry and Catherine discover comfort with each other from the war that haunts them. In a conversation, Catherine says, Youre jus t mine. Thats true and youve never belonged to any one else. But I dont care if you have. Im not afraid of them(105). In this line, she is expressing her intense love for Henry and how their love can only be found in them. Catherines courage to take a chance on their love galvanized Henry to do what makes him happy. Her choices to get involved with Henry compel him to also take a chance on love. When Henry recognizes how serious his love for Catherine is, his new values eradicate hisShow MoreRelatedErnest Hemmingway Research Paper1127 Words   |  5 Pagesmatter that authors have no choice but to get creative. One of the most famous, classic American writers and journalists was Ernest Hemmingway. Ernest Hemmingway had one of the most unique writing styles of all time. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and public image. Ernest Hemingways fictional style of writing was successful d ue to the fact that the characters he presented exhibited authenticityRead MoreNot Only Did The Effects Of War Negatively Influence Henry’S1282 Words   |  6 PagesNot only did the effects of war negatively influence Henry’s actions, the theme of tragedy and the horrors of war also influence the entire Italian Army. For example, in Moddelmog’s literary analysis, the author refers back to novel to discuss the temptations that are depicted by Hemingway to give an accurate representation of the daily lives of the soldiers and the author hints at a justification for their actions: â€Å"It might sound sordid, but during war who can blame soldiers for seeking pleasurableRead MoreCoping with War: A Comparison Between Slaughterhouse Five and A Farewell to Arms1630 Words   |  7 PagesEarnest Hemmingway once said Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime. (Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Reference) War is a gruesome and tragic thing and affects people differently. Both Vonnegut and Hemmingway discus this idea in their novels A Farewell to Arms and Slaughterhouse Five. Both of the novels deal not only with war stories but other genres, be it a science fiction story in Vonnegut’s case or a love story in Hemingway’s. Despite all the similaritiesRead More Hemingway and Fitzgerald Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesHemingway and Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, the parties of one of the most famously infamous relationships in literary history met for the first time in late April 1925 at The Dingo Bar, a Paris hangout for the bohemian set. In his novel A Moveable Feast (published posthumously) Hemingway describes his first impressions of Fitzgerald: â€Å"The first time I ever met Scott Fitzgerald a very strange thing happened. Many strange things happened with Scott, but thisRead MoreThroughout his career, Ernest Hemmingway’s writing style has brought many questions from critics1500 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his career, Ernest Hemmingway’s writing style has brought many questions from critics all over the world. These questions mainly emerged due to his writing being different from anyone else during that time. Hemmingway’s writing was simple and direct unlike other fellow writers. This made it easier for people to comprehend and it made connections to his ideas straightforward. In works such as Old Man and the Sea and For whom the Bell Tolls, Ernest Hemmingway uses his style of writing to

Honor Bound by Joseph Steffan free essay sample

Critical analysis of logical ethical flaws in authors argument for right of gays to serve in military. Joseph Steffan, in Honor Bound: A Gay Naval Midshipman Fights to Serve His Country, argues convincingly that he and every gay man or woman has the right to serve his country in the military. There is no question that legally Steffan is correct in his argument. This reader wholeheartedly supports Steffan in his moral and legal fight to exercise that right. Any law -civilian or military/*-which discriminates against gays should be abolished, period. Steffans personal commitment to that struggle wins this readers total support. However, this piece will question the overall philosophy of the author on two counts. First, that philosophy is weak with contradictions between his plea for moral and humane treatment of gays by individuals and institutions, and the utterly immoral and inhumane nature of the profession he sought to pursue as a member of the military. We will write a custom essay sample on Honor Bound by Joseph Steffan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That

Abuse and Sector Overt Discrimination free essay sample

By Sasha Bowles Introduction: In this booklet I am going to be describing discriminatory practice in a Health and Social care setting. I will also be discussing the potential effects on those who use health or social care services. I’m going to be writing about the following: * Overt Discrimination * Covert Discrimination * Stereotyping * Prejudice * Abuse * Racism * Sexism * Homophobia In a Health and Social care setting each individual should have the same treatment or care opportunities open to them as every one else. Discrimination is illegal in the UK and there is a lot of legislation in place to support any individual, who feels unfairly discriminated against. Discrimination can happen for a number of different reasons. For example discrimination could happen because of someone’s, gender, age or even appearance. Types of Discrimination Overt Discrimination: This type of discrimination is open and not hidden in anyway. An example of overt discrimination would be paying a male nurse more money than the female nurse for the same job because of their gender. We will write a custom essay sample on Abuse and Sector Overt Discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the health and social care sector overt discrimination is more likely to be seen in the way a patient is treated by staff. Covert Discrimination: This type of discrimination is completely the opposite from overt discrimination. Covert discrimination is described as hidden. For an example four people applying for a job as a nurse. They would be called for an interview, using the same criteria. However if the panel, decide not to call someone for their interview due to their name or the area they live in, this is called covert discrimination Stereotyping: â€Å"A stereotype is also a thought what may be adopted about specific types of an individual or certain ways of doing things but that belief may not accurately reflect reality† Examples of stereotypes in Health and Social Care could be: * Overweight people are very lazy, and do nothing to help the way they are * All male nurses are classified as ‘gay’ All female nurses are ‘good girls’ Stereotyping individuals is a very dangerous thing to carry out as the end result can lead to discrimination, against individuals based on totally wrong impressions. Making wrong impressions of people is poor practice, this often leads to gossip and hurt. The problem with making the wrong impressions of somebody that it can lead to discriminatory practice. For an example: A girl was seen walking into an abo rtion clinic in Belfast by her boss who was down shopping for the day. Later on her boss was working, she went and told all the other staff that the girl had an abortion, but really the girl went to the private clinic for advice on contraception, as she felt uncomfortable talking to the doctor. The boss was making a wrong impression of the girl. This would have lead to gossip and hurt. This is an example of discriminatory practice. Prejudice: This type of discrimination is usually demonstrated by individuals who show a negative attitude towards some groups or individuals. This type of discrimination is known as â€Å"people judging them before they actually know them† For an example, a group of people might be talking about another individual in a work place because; they don’t wear nice clothes, don’t were makeup, they live in a bad housing estate and there house is not very big. This is an example of prejudice within a work place. Abuse: This term is applied to a wide range of negative behaviors which has potential harm or damage any individual. Abuse can be: Physical abuse such as pushing, hitting, punching, restraint, hair pulling etc Sexual abuse such as rape, sexual assault, or sexual acts to which the adult has not given consent or they were pressurized into it. Psychological or emotional abuse this is such as threats of harm, being deprived, humiliation, controlling, intimidation and harassment. Discriminatory abuse such as race or sexuality or a person’s disability Any of these forms of abuse can be either deliberate or the result of ignorance, lack of training, knowledge or understanding,. Often if a person is being abused in one way they are also being abused in a lot of different other ways. Racism Reference List

Free Essays on A Love That Could Never Be

A Love That Could Never Be Have you ever loved someone so much, but you couldn’t be with them? In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrates a love that could never be with Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Since Hester was shone from a normal life in society after her acts of adultery, she could not be with the man she loved. Since Mr. Dimmesdale was the â€Å"saint on earth† (Hawthorne 251) he was also not able to show his affection towards Prynne in public or even in private. In the opening chapters we first begin to learn about Hester, but never about the man she committed adultery with. While on the scaffold the townspeople gather around her and watch as the magistrates try to convince her to tell who the man was. â€Å"Wondrous strength and generosity of a woman’s heart!†(Hawthorne 70) Hester loved this man so much she felt that it was no need for her to bring him down with her. So she stood up on the scaffold with the baby in her arms â€Å" And would that I might endure his agony, as well as mine!† (Hawthorne 71) Hester realizes that if she confesses the name of the man that it would not help them to be together but instead making it completely impossible. As the story progresses we learn more about the child that was born through this unholy union. â€Å"Thy heavenly Father sent thee!† (Hawthorne 102) Hester wouldn’t even reveal the name of her daughter’s father. Pearl would repeatedly ask who her father was but Hester would simply say the heavenly Father or ignore the question. She did this out of fear of the name of the man she loved getting out. If anyone in the town found out who this man was he would be ruined and so Hester would be just as miserable as she was. Pearl became the â€Å"mother’s only treasure† (Hawthorne 92) Pearl kept Hester alive and yet in some strange way punished her by reminding her of the dreaded sin that she committed. When we start to learn about Arthur Dimmesdale,... Free Essays on A Love That Could Never Be Free Essays on A Love That Could Never Be A Love That Could Never Be Have you ever loved someone so much, but you couldn’t be with them? In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrates a love that could never be with Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Since Hester was shone from a normal life in society after her acts of adultery, she could not be with the man she loved. Since Mr. Dimmesdale was the â€Å"saint on earth† (Hawthorne 251) he was also not able to show his affection towards Prynne in public or even in private. In the opening chapters we first begin to learn about Hester, but never about the man she committed adultery with. While on the scaffold the townspeople gather around her and watch as the magistrates try to convince her to tell who the man was. â€Å"Wondrous strength and generosity of a woman’s heart!†(Hawthorne 70) Hester loved this man so much she felt that it was no need for her to bring him down with her. So she stood up on the scaffold with the baby in her arms â€Å" And would that I might endure his agony, as well as mine!† (Hawthorne 71) Hester realizes that if she confesses the name of the man that it would not help them to be together but instead making it completely impossible. As the story progresses we learn more about the child that was born through this unholy union. â€Å"Thy heavenly Father sent thee!† (Hawthorne 102) Hester wouldn’t even reveal the name of her daughter’s father. Pearl would repeatedly ask who her father was but Hester would simply say the heavenly Father or ignore the question. She did this out of fear of the name of the man she loved getting out. If anyone in the town found out who this man was he would be ruined and so Hester would be just as miserable as she was. Pearl became the â€Å"mother’s only treasure† (Hawthorne 92) Pearl kept Hester alive and yet in some strange way punished her by reminding her of the dreaded sin that she committed. When we start to learn about Arthur Dimmesdale,...

Alternative Dispute Resolution Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Dispute Resolution - Case Study Example This method is most applicable when the parties involved in the conflict agree that a third party seek a solution. The method is almost similar to court adjudication. Arbitrator panel act as judges and offer a solution after listening to both parties. However, the decision may or may not be legally binding. World International Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the best arbitration companies. One case involved a publishing house that had a contractual agreement with a software development company. The publishing house was not fully satisfied with the service after one and a half years and therefore the two parties decided to have the dispute arbitrated. By use of a practicing judge as the sole arbitrator, the two parties presented their interest in case settlement and the arbitrator found a common ground of settlement. The two parties agreed to the arbitrator’s proposal and therefore consented to the settlement terms. The two parties finally went public with their newfound settlement and the case was solved (WIPO web). Mediation is one of the best alternative dispute resolution options. The mediator purposely assists the two parties to come up with their own solution to the dispute. A good example was a business dispute that was mediated by an Auckland lawyer and Maria Dew. The case involved a family business whereby civil issues arose due to personal interests in the family business. The son, wanted to buy the business from his parents but they declined the offer but the two parties continued to run the business together.

Cross Cultural (Intercultural) Management Skills Essay

Cross Cultural (Intercultural) Management Skills - Essay Example Knowledge management is the systematic application of knowledge to improve companies’ performance through facilitating inter-organizational informational sharing and experience. Breiden, Mohr and Mirza (2005 p.15) say that cultural knowledge management competency can therefore help solve management problem. Some of the tasks which are included here are interactive translation, developing participative competence, cross cultural networking, creation of collaborative atmosphere and finally developing of a participative competence. For instance, when French speaking expatriate working for the United Nations is send to South America there he/she will find totally different cultures in terms of language and the kind of food people eat. It calls for ability and readiness to learn and appreciate that other cultures are also important.Building positive relationships with others is a very important skill. It is advisable to develop relationships with locals and colleagues through relat ional skills development as opposed to being solely task oriented. One should be an all rounded person who is not self centered with possession of social orientation and social adroitness with superb skills in solving disputes, cooperating with friends and affiliates, unlike majoring in work competition and performance excluding the social life. For example, when one is from a Western nation and goes to work in India, it is advisable to participate in some of their services so that they can feel that you are part of them.

Impact Of Globalization And Challenges Faced By It Economics Essay

Impact Of Globalization And Challenges Faced By It Economics Essay As a term globalisation is defined as the merging of the economies and societies all over the world. Out of the few hundred definitions we are going to see some of the definition concerned with the global economy and business perspective. It can be defined as is the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders (Joseph Stiglitz, 2003, pg :22). Expanding, developing, and speeding up of global interconnectedness is meant as globalisation (Held, 1999). Globalisation is a fashionable word to describe trends perceived to be dramatically and relentlessly increasing connections and communications among people regardless of nationality and geography (Tobin, 1999). Globalisation trend in the past golden years First thing that strikes us about globalisation is the sharp expansion of the financial and trade market and the government declining in its power in the past two decades. But globalisation has undergone a series of different stages in the early eras. There are several stages of globalisation according to Alex MacGillivray (2006) which we are going to see in detail in this section. Iberian Carve up (1490-1815): During this period the Spain and the Portugal with the support of the Pope started the colonial competition around the world with the long distance trade. Britannic meridian (1815- 1914): During this period the British Empire leaded the imperial power which enforced the global gold standard and it created round the world shipping. Sputnik World (1914-68): This was period in this decolonization took place which lead the USA and Soviet Union to struggle for the influence in the world. There was a rapid economic growth along this period. Global Supply Chain (1968-2001): This was the real golden period of globalisation where the entire world was interconnected by supply-chains, internet and the mobile phones. The global free market was growing rapidly and effectively in this period of globalisation stage. Thermo Globalisation (2001- till date): This is the current situation where the countries are united and struggling to prove their best in the competitive global market with the other countries. The global communication system and development in the global trade and commerce is blooming at very rapid rate. The recent tends of the effects of the Globalisation in the world. World GDP real growth rate (%) Table1: World GDP rate, (CIA 2010). Figure 1: World Inflation rate, from 2000 to 2009 (CIA 2010). The GDP growth of world was increasing from the year 2002 to 2008 due to increase in the globalisation trend. Due to out sourcing of jobs and increasing the choice in the product in the global market the GDP rate of the each country increases. Even though the GDP growth increases overall but when we come to the GDP growth in regards to each and every country the developed countries is higher than the developing countries. The wages paid for the out sourced jobs are less compared to that paid in their own countries. World Inflation rate (%) Table2: World Inflation rate, (CIA 2010). Figure 2: World Inflation rate, from 2000 to 2009 (CIA 2010). Due to the increase in the globalisation the inflation rate is decreased drastically and now it is maintained due to increasing global market. The employment rate is increasing due to globalisation are certain parts of the world and they even decrease the employment rates especially in developed countries. All these are described in detail in the further sections of the paper. CHAPTER 2 Is Globalisation a Good Thing? There is a heated debate about the true effects of globalisation and if it really is such a good thing. Good or bad, though, there isnt much argument as to whether or not it is happening. Lets look at the positives and negatives of globalisation, and you can decide for yourself whether or not it is the best thing for our world. Positive impact of Globalisation Globalisation has sea of positive aspects in the development and the improvement of the countrys GDP growth, employment rate and the world market. The paper is going to discuss about the positive factors of globalisation. The global economic resources are circulated all over the world which increases the economic linkage. The commodity, services, capital and human resources has a free flow between the national boundaries. The free trade between countries are increased. Due to this there is an increase in demand which in turn increases the production sectors. Since there is always a competition in the world market the possibly of inflation is reasonably less and the innovative ideas will increase to meet the competition. The communication among the countries is increases this develops the understanding between nations and we have a cultural interchanges among countries (Burande 2006). There is a greater access to foreign culture in the form of movies, music, food, clothing, and more due to this the global village dream becomes more realistic. We dont have a single power ruling the world after the increase in globalisation so the focus is segregated among all the countries in the world. The standard of living in the developing countries will increase due to the increase in the flow of money. The developing countries are able use the current technologies without problems associated with the development of the technology. The war between the developed countries is decreases due to equality in power. The developed countries can increase the investment on the developing countries due to increase in the liquidity of capital (Poux 2007). The environmental conditions in developed countries are increased. The countries tend to move towards democratic policies. International trade and tourism increases due to increase in globalisation. Due to free circulation of people from different countries is increased this in turn leads to social benefits. Global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fishing in oceans, climate changes are solved by discussions. International criminal courts and International justice movements are launched to control the crime. The standards applie d globally like the patents, copyright laws and the world trade agreements are increased and standardised. The local consumer products are exported in the global market which in turn increases the GDP growth of the countries. The subsidies for the local businesses are decreased. Free trade zones are formed which has less or no tariff rates. Challenges faced due to Globalisation Globalisation has lots of challenges to be faced in the both developed and developing countries. It creates inequality in income and lots of other issues which the paper discusses in this section. The benefits of globalisation are not universal. The rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming poorer. Due to globalisation the major issue is the outsourcing, which provides jobs population in one country and takes away jibs from other countries which lead many without opportunities.   Europeans lose their jobs as the work is being outsourced to the Asian countries. The cost of labour in the Asian countries is low as compared to other countries. The high rate of profit for the companies, in Asia, has resulted in a pressure on the employed Europeans, who are always under the threat of the business being outsourced. This in turn has led to exploitation of labour. Prisoners and child workers are used to work in inhumane conditions. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. Earlier people had stable, permanent jobs. Now people live in constant dread of losing their jobs to competition (Lovekar n.d.). Increased job competition has led to reduction in wages and conseq uently lower standards of living. Local industries are being taken over by foreign multinationals. The increase in prices has reduced the governments ability to sustain social welfare schemes in developed countries. There is increase in human trafficking. Multinational Companies and corporations which were previously restricted to commercial activities are increasingly influencing political decisions. Large Western-driven organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank make it easy for a developing country to obtain a loan. However, a Western-focus is often applied to a non-Western situation, resulting in failed progress. Companies are as opening their counterparts in other countries (Fischer, 2003). This results in transferring the quality of their product to other countries, thereby increasing the chances of depreciation in terms of quality. The threat that the corporate would rule the world is on high, as there is a lot of money  invested by them. It is often argued that poor countries are exploited by the richer countries where the work force is taken advantage of and low wages are implemented. Although different cultures from around the world are able to interact, they begin to meld, and the contours and individuality of each begin to fade. Bad aspects of foreign cultures are affecting the local cultures through TV and the Internet. There are experts who believe that Globalisation is the cause for the invasion of communicable diseases and social degeneration in countries. There may be invasive species that could prove devastating in non-native ecosystems. There is little international regulation, an unfortunate fact that could have dire consequences for the safety of people and the environment. Companies have set up industries causing pollution in countries with poor regulation of pollution. Terrorists have access to sophisticated weapons enhancing their ability to inflict damage. Terrorists use the Internet for communicating am ong themselves. Comparison between Benefits and Challenges No. Benefits of Globalisation Challenges of Globalisation 1 Economies of countries  that engage well with the international economy have consistently  grown much faster  than those countries that try to protect themselves. Well managed open economies have grown at rates that are on average 2  ½ percentage points higher than the rate of growth in economies closed to the forces of globalisation. There are  social and economic costs  to globalisation. Trade liberalisation rewards competitive industries and penalises uncompetitive ones, and it requires participating countries to undertake economic restructuring and reform. While this will bring benefits in the long term, there are dislocation costs to grapple with in the immediate term, and the social costs for those affected are high. 2 Countries which have had faster economic growth have then been able to  improve living standards and reduce poverty. India has cut its poverty rate in half in the past two decades. China has reduced the number of rural poor from 250 million in 1978 to 34 million in 1999. Cheaper imports also make a wider range of products accessible to more people and, through competition, can help promote efficiency and productivity. Some countries have been unable to take advantage of globalisation and their  standards of living are dropping further behind the richest countries. The gap in incomes between the 20% of the richest and the poorest countries has grown from 30 to 1 in 1960 to 82 to 1 in 1995. 3 Improved wealth through the economic gains of globalisation has led to improved access to health care and clean water which has increased life expectancy. More than 85 percent of the worlds population can expect to live for at least sixty years (thats twice as long as the average life expectancy 100 years ago!) Increased trade and travel have  facilitated the spread of human, animal and plant diseases, like HIV/AIDS, SARS and bird flu, across borders. The AIDS crisis has reduced life expectancy in some parts of Africa to less than 33 years and delays in addressing the problems, caused by economic pressures, have exacerbated the situation. Globalisation has also enabled the  introduction of  cigarettes and tobacco  to developing countries, with  major adverse health and financial costs  associated with that. 4 Increased global income and reduced investment barriers have led to an increase in foreign direct investment which has accelerated growth in many countries. In 1975, total foreign direct investment amounted to US$23 billion while in 2003 it totalled US$575 billion. The increasing interdependence of countries in a globalised world makes them  more vulnerable to economic problems like the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. 5 Improved environmental awareness and accountability has contributed to  positive environmental outcomes  by encouraging the use of more efficient, less-polluting technologies and facilitating economies imports of renewable substitutes for use in place of scarce domestic natural resources. The  environment has been harmed  as agricultural, forest, mining and fishing industries exploit inadequate environmental codes and corrupt behaviour in developing countries. Agricultural seed companies are destroying the biodiversity of the planet, and depriving subsistence farmers of their livelihood. 6 Increasing interdependence and global institutions like WTO and World Bank, that manage the settlement of government-to-government disputes, have  enabled international political and economic tensions to be resolved  on a rules based approach, rather than which country has the greatest economic or political power. Importantly it has  bolstered peace  as countries are unlikely to enter conflict with trading partners and poverty reduction helps reduce the breeding ground for terrorism. The major economic powers have a major influence in the institutions of globalisation, like the WTO, and this can  work against the interests of the developing world. The level of agricultural protection by rich countries has also been estimated to be around five times what they provide in aid to poor countries 7 Improved technology  has  dramatically  reduced costs and prices  changing the way the world communicates, learns, does business and treats illnesses. Between 1990 and 1999, adult illiteracy rates in developing countries fell from 35 per cent to 29 per cent. Trade liberalisation and  technological improvements change the economy of a country,  destroying traditional agricultural communities  and allowing cheap imports of manufactured goods. This can lead to unemployment if not carefully managed, as work in the traditional sectors of the economy becomes scarce and people may not have the appropriate skills for the jobs which may be created. 8 Modern communications  and the global spread of information have contributed to the toppling of undemocratic regimes and a growth in liberal democracies  around the world. Modern communications  have spread an awareness of the differences between countries, and  increased  the  demand for migration  to richer countries. Richer countries have tightened the barriers against migrant workers, xenophobic fears have increased and people smugglers have exploited vulnerable people. 9 The voluntary adoption by global companies of  workplace standards  for their internationalised production facilities in developing countries has made an important contribution to respect for international labour standards. Wages paid by multinationals in middle- and low-income countries are on average 1.8 to 2.0 times the average wages in those countries. Globalised competition can force a race to the bottom in wage rates and labour standards. It can also foster a  brain drain of skilled workers, where highly educated and qualified professionals, such as doctors, engineers and IT specialists, migrate to developed countries to benefit from the higher wages and greater career and lifestyle prospects. This creates severe skilled labour shortages in developing countries. 10 International migration has led to greater recognition of diversity and  respect for cultural identities  which is improving democracy and access to human rights. Indigenous and national culture and languages  can be eroded  by the modern globalised culture. Sources Source: Aus AID, 2004,  http://www.ausaid.gov.au/ Source: The World Bank, 2004,  http://www.worldbank.org/ CHAPTER 3 Impact on developed countries Advantages in Developed Countries: Diversification: The get diversified into the hi-tech industries due to the Globalisation and improvement in the global market. Production: The productivity improves due to more demand all over the world in the world market. The need for the product increases which in turn increases the productivity. Benefits: They become very beneficial since most of their needs are met by the foreign markets which might cost more in the local market. Disadvantages in Developed Countries: Losing of Jobs: The jobs are transferred to the poorer countries so that the companies need not pay high wages for the jobs done. This in turn reduces the jobs opportunities in developed countries. Reduction in taxes: The taxes paid on their products are reduced due to increase the sales in the world market which decreases their welfare benefits. Difference in rich and poor: The rich becomes higher in their standard of living and the poor remains the same or they might even get down in their standard of living. Impact on developing countries Advantages in Developing Countries: GDP Increase: If the statistics are any indication, GDP of the developing countries have increased twice as much as before. Per capita Income Increase: The wealth has had a trickling effect on the poor. The average income has increased to thrice as much. Unemployment is Reduced: This fact is quite evident when you look at countries like India and China. Education has Increased: Globalisation has been a catalyst to the jobs that require higher skill set. This demand allowed people to gain higher education. Competition on Even Platform: The companies all around the world are competing on a single global platform. This allows better options to consumers. Disadvantages in Developing Countries: Uneven Distribution of Wealth: Wealth is still concentrated in the hands of a few individuals and a common man in a developing country is yet to see any major benefits of Globalisation. Income Gap between Developed and Developing Countries: Wealth of developed countries continues to grow twice as much as the developing world. Different Wage Standards for Developing Countries: A technology worker may get more value for his work in a developed country than a worker in a developing country. Reversal of Globalisation: In future, factors such as war may demand the reversal of the Globalisation (as evident in inter world war years), current process of Globalisation may just be impossible to reverse. Conclusion Globalisation has both positive and negative impact on all the countries in the world market. Globalisation has lots of positive impact on developing countries like the increase in the GDP growth, increase in employment rate, diversification of products and services and lots more. On developed countries also it has positive impact like the increase in standard of living, purchase of foreign goods at cheaper rates compare to local market and many more. Even though it has lots of positive impact on each and every economy it has a greater amount of negative impact on the economies. The individualistic cultural and behavioural aspects of the economy are badly getting affected. The best goods produced in a country are exported, for making the maximum profit which in turn gives the local market the next grade or the lower grade products. The employment rates in the developed countries decreases due to outsourcing of the jobs. Even though globalisation is very important and a necessary fact or in everyday life the negative impact of it affects certain parts of our own nation. The benefits of it are not equally spread all over the world and within the nations. When it is researched more the challenges caused due to globalisation is more than the benefits of it. But at the same time globalisation is necessary for certain period of each ones life. So Globalisation is even more effective and more beneficial if all the sectors of the world are considered as one. So this paper can be concluded by saying that globalisation has to overcome all its challenges to make it beneficial and best for the world. Case Study Emergence of Globalization in India History In early 1990s Indian economy was in major crisis. It faced major problems such as fiscal deficit was increasing; inflation was high at 17%; foreign currency reserves decreased to $1 billion; NRIs did not invest in India. When Shri P.V.Narasimha Rao became prime minister of India in 1992, he took measures to make the Indian economy one of the fastest growing economies in the world and implemented the new economic model known as Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization in India (LPG). Steps taken in LPG Model to Globalize Indian Economy Some of the steps taken in LPG Model to develop Indian economy were: Firstly, Indian currency was devaluated by 18 to 19% to solve the balance of payment problem. Secondly, to make the LPG model work smooth many of the public sectors were sold to the private sector to increase government cash reserves. Thirdly, allowing FDI in a wide range of sectors such as Insurance (26%), defence industries (26%) etc. Fourthly, quantitative restrictions on imports were removed. Fifthly, the peak customs tariff was reduced from 300% to 30%. Finally, facilities available for foreign investors were open to NRIs. Merits of Globalization in Indian Economy Globalization led to the following developments. They are: Firstly, increase in FDI investments helped in economic reconstruction. Secondly, faster exchange of information, partnering with other nations for joint ventures and cultural interaction helped India to globalise faster. Thirdly, changes in technological development improved Indian Economy. Fourthly, outsourcing jobs to India increased employment opportunities. Finally, opening of international market created more opportunities. Demerits of Globalization in Indian Economy Few disadvantages during globalization were: firstly, threat of multinational corporations with immense power ruling the globe. Secondly, colonization for smaller developing nations while undergoing changes. Finally, it can lead to threat of cultural imbalance and spread of communicable diseases. Contribution of Indian Industries for Development of Indian Economy The strength of Indian companies is seen in recent times when Indian companys started expanding their territories and acquisitions globally. Phenomenal growth of information technology provided employment opportunities and drastically changed living standards. Lately realised by most multinational companies that India has immense potential has increased industrial developments in India (Malik, 2009). For, continuous growth India should pay immediate attention to ensure rapid development in education, health, agriculture and mainly infrastructure so that rural economic developments and industrial developments happen much faster. India still has the problem of poverty. The welfare of a country does not percolate from the top, but should be built upon development from the bottom. Conclusion India gained highly from the LPG model as its GDP increased to 8.8% 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010). In respect of market capitalization, India ranks fourth in the world. But even after globalization, condition of agriculture has not improved. The share of agriculture in the GDP is only 17%. The number of landless families has increased and farmers are still committing suicide. But seeing the positive effects of globalization, it can be said that very soon India will overcome these hurdles too and march strongly on its path of development.

Movie: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essay -- essays research papers

Movie: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie takes place in Vienna, Austria in the 1700's. The film begins with the attempted suicide of Antonio Salieri, a court composer of the Austrian Emperor. He is placed in a mental asylum where a priest visits and asks for his confession. Salieri claims to have caused the death of Mozart. The rest of the movie is a narration by the court composer, mostly in flashbacks, of how he caused this death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salieri recounts that while he was playing games as a boy Mozart was playing music for the King. At the age of four, Mozart composed his first concerto, at seven, his first symphony, and at twelve, his first opera. He was considered a child prodigy. Salieri wished to become a famous composer, like his idol. However, his father would not allow this. He didn't want his son to be a ‘trained monkey, on tour around Europe performing tricks like a circus'. Salieri prayed to God and what he considered a miracle happened: his father dies and he was able to pursue his musical studies. He eventually became a popular musician and teacher in the Emperor's court. When he heard Mozart was coming to Vienna from Salzburg, he eagerly sought him out. He finally found him at a party, way from the other guests, acting like a silly animal, chasing a young woman. However, as soon as he heard his music starting without him, he changed into a serious musician, rushing to take his place as conductor. Salieri noticed that Mozart conducted without notes. Although he recognized that Mozart was a ‘giggling, dirty-minded creature', he was also able to see the genius in him. He couldn't understand why God had chosen a ‘obscene child to be his instrument'. At another time, Mozart's wife presents to Salieri some of his work in an attempt to get him a job as a teacher. Salieri sees that the music sheets have no corrections and no notes. Mozart simply composed from his head onto paper. It is then that Salieri is overwhelmed by his brilliance. He realized that God has given to Mozart the skills and genius that he has always prayed for, and all he gave to Salieri is the ability to recognize it. It is at this point that he turned away from God and set out to ruin Mozart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salieri then describes what Mozart was like. Mozart drank too much, he partied all day and composed all ni... ...live to suffer. As the movie ends, Salieri is being wheeled through a room of mentally ill patients and this is where he will spend his remaining days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that Hollywood may have over-exaggerated Mozart's behaviour. In my reading there is no evidence that he was like this. I wonder if Salieri really hated or was jealous of Mozart. Did Salieri really plan to kill the composer? The World Book Encyclopedia states that Mozart did try to earn money by teaching pupils. There is no mention of any abnormal behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether the movie is true or false, I think the movie tries to show that genius is next to madness. A person may excel in one subject, yet the growth of the other parts of his behavior may be stunted. The movie also points out that jealousy brings misery. Salieri was well paid and popular, had a high position, and had respect from other people. Yet he remained unhappy and even ruined his life, all over the fact that another musician was better than he. Finally, it's a great tragedy that Mozart died so young and penniless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie was well acted, and the music was beautiful to hear.

Analysis of Harrah’s Entertainment Case: Rewarding Our People

Chris Martin BADM 7070 11/23/12 Harrah’s Entertainment, Inc. : Rewarding Our People Marilyn Winn faces a tough challenge to improve employee satisfaction and motivation in a struggling economy that has just experienced the 9/11 disaster. Many of Harrah’s employees feel that the incentive program that Winn has implemented sets goals that are too aggressive while others feel a sense of entitlement for the bonuses.Both of these cases do not help Winn improve employee motivation and customer service. Winn needs to find a way to revise the employee rewards program that she has implemented to reduce turnover, improve employee motivation, and, ultimately, improve customer satisfaction. In order to get employees at Harrah’s motivated, Winn should implement an employee drop box for any feedback of the current reward system or innovative ideas on how the system could be changed.The purpose of this drop box would be to send a message to the employees that Harrah’s va lues its employee’s opinions and cares about its employees. If employees feel that they have a say regarding the development of the system, it will lead to better satisfaction with the system overall and thus be more likely to motivate them to better serve Harrah’s customers. This feedback system could also improve turnover, as employees would feel more valued by the company.Winn could also customize current system to give employees the option to receive vouchers that are worth more than the cash reward. By getting a physical reward, employees are less likely to feel entitled to the reward. Implementing these two plans could greatly improve employee satisfaction and could help to achieve Harrah’s most important goal: customer service.

Management Paper Tim Cook Essay - 1101 Words

Management Paper Tim Cook was born on November 1st, 1960 in Alabama. In 1982 he graduated from Auburn University with a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering. In the late 80s he went on to get an M.B.A from Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business. While attending Duke University he was awarded with the title of Fuqua Scholar, which was an honor because it’s only given to those students who graduate in the top 10 percent in the class. After Tim Cook graduated he found a job with the computer manufacturer Internatinal Business Machines Corporation (IBM). In 1994 Tim Cook was working in IBM and became the company’s North American Fulfillment director, he managed manufacturing and distributed functions for IBM’s Personal Computer Company in North and Latin America. Tim Cook worked at IBM for 12 years, after he moved to Intelligent Electronics as a chief operating officer in 1994. 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