The R-word and Racist Native American Sports Team Logos Essay

Racial epithets need long existed and plagued our rules of order, indigen Americans byout the country consider the R-word a racial, derogatory speckle along the same lines of other hurtful, slanderous, and offensive ethnic insults including the N-word among African-Americans, the K-word for the Jewish and the W-word amongst Latinos. Above all, the portrayal of unimaginative Indian images is common in American popular market-gardening (i.e. Jeep Cherokee, Land OLakes butter). Moreoer, the use of Indian give-and-take or mascots at both the professional and high school level in sports has last increasingly controversial. Thus, the removal of subjective American mascots from sports teams is necessary to fight the injustice of the negative con nonations and stereotypes that ar typical in the depiction of Indians. Our society must(prenominal) render aw ar of how very racia tendency the word ceriseskin is and how very derogatory the portrayal of the intrinsic American is in s o many another(prenominal) commercial and sporting events.Interestingly, Merriam-Websters definition defines Redskin as a very offensive slang used as a disparage term for a primal American and should be avoided. The fact that many Americans atomic number 18 not a state of wargon of the definition of the term redskin or are blind to see into believe that this term means strong, brave, and courageous gives them a false sense of understanding to the true testament of the word redskin that is heavily interpret and overlooked in todays society. First, by considering the term Redskin has for centuries been used to belittle and humiliate an entire people. The meaning originated in colonial times when traders and local presidential term paid for skins. There was a certain price paid for various animal skins. On that list was the term Red-skin, which referred to bloody scalps of American Indians resulting from a inherent American crossing the path of a bounty hunter.Most of the affe cted tribes were Penobscots, Passamaquoddy, Wampanoag, Mashpee Wampanoag and others along the New England coastal line. The reason they were paid for these scalps, the colonists were working to remove the American Indian presence and take over their land. come alongmore, the original name was a European one used to describe Algonquins who painted their face with bright red ocher and bloodroot, consequently making theirface red with war paint. In addition, red is the most common color used by Native Americans in painting their skin. According to Dress Clothing of the Plains Indians by Ronal P. Koch, Red is generally accepted as being one of the colors most easily lendable to and most used by Indians for decorative and ceremonial purposes.In recent developments, the Non-Disparagement of Native American Persons or Peoples in Trademark Registration Act of 2013 (H.R. 1278) introduced by U.S. Congressman Eni Faleomavaega of the Territory of American Samoa states that this bill would req uire cancellation of existing trademark registrations for trademarks using the term redskin in reference to Native Americans. It would also abjure registration for new trademarks so using the term redskin would be deemed improper, the bill has begun to pick up steam and has garnered nation wide support through with(predicate) the stick outings of Native Americans and Non-Native American constitutions in advocating an end to the use of the term redskin which constitutes a racial slur and is disparaging, derogatory, demeaning, and offensive to Native Americans. According to the United States family of Representatives website, documented in a letter to Members of Congress, the bailiwick Congress of American Indians (NCAI) which is the oldest, largest and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization serving tribal governments and communities recently statedThis legislation will accomplish what Native American people, nations, and organizations deem tried to do in the courts for almost 20 years end the racist epithet that has served as the name of chapiters pro football franchise for far too long.The Tulsa Indian Coalition Against racialism (TICAR) asserts that the R-word is hurtful and injurious to our youth, as well as the entire Native American population. Accordingly, the Native American Finance Officers Association (NAFOA) affirms The term has never been refreshing in the Native community and causes harm to the collective self-esteem and status of American Indians in the larger society. . . What should be viewed as a national perplexity has somehow turned into acelebrated namesake for a national sport?Further, the American Indian Movement West (AIM-WEST) sustains thatOur organization supports the goal of ridding the sports world of the disparaging name of the majuscule pro football franchise. There is no question that this is a racist term that causes harm and injury, whether or not it is intended to do so, and must not be to lerated in decent society.As well as, the United South and Eastern Tribes, Inc. (USET) expressesOvercoming the social challenges resulting from industry branding and media exposure has taken generations for other groups. Native communities are on a similar journey. In our work to protect and promote our sovereignty rights at all levels, existing stereotypes, bigotry, and racist views about our people often clear in the way of progress. This legislation will assist Tribes in promoting an understanding of American Indian culture, positive images of Indian Country, the effects of historic trauma, and the modern-day successes and challenges Tribes face as we seek to improve the standard of living within our communities.In addition to the above organizations, there are 50 other organizations that gain either pledged their support for this bill or rejected the use of the term Redskin, among them are the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, the Comanche Nation of Oklahoma, the Oneida Indian Tri be of Wisconsin, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, the National Indian Youth Council, the National Indian Child Welfare Association, the American Indian Higher Education Consortium, the National Indian Education Association, the National American Indian House Council as well as a long laundry list of other notable organizations.Second, the stereotypical Indian images in American pop culture known as Tribalism, as Ruth Hopkins, a columnist for the Indian Country Today Media interlocking concedes as a mainstream trend largely based on false, stereotypical notions of who indigenous people are has become a pop culture phenomenon. Among those are celebutantes, pop princesses and hipsterwannabes have been wearing obtrusive, exaggerated war hats and headdresses, wearing war paint, and scaming dress up in Native American elysian costumes in record numbers. She goes on to illustrate that the perpetuation of stereotypical images of Native peoples is unacceptable and discriminatory for a pl ethora of reasons. (Hopkins)Clearly, Non-natives who wear American Indian costumes are pretending to be someone of another race. Those who play dress up by wearing an American Indian costume, headdress or war lens hood are not only failing to acknowledge the existence of over 500 recognized Native nations, each separate and distinct from one another, they are making light of centuries of suffering, oppression and massacre endured by the indigenous people of this country. Enforcing racial stereotypes of Native peoples as savages in characterless feathers and fringe also perpetuates the figment that American Indians are not active members of modern society and casts them aside to make them feel further disrespected and unworthy as a depleted and mazed society. (Hopkins)Actually, not all American Indian tribes include war bonnets or headdresses as part of their tralatitious insignia. Of those who do, headdresses and war bonnets were worn by men, and have naught to do with fashion or the sexual objectification of women. Hopkins expresses that each eagle feather contained in a war bonnet is individually earned, often bestowed upon the owner through ceremony, and represents a significant event or acknowledged act of bravery, leadership, or self-sacrifice. Much less, powerful, respected American Indian men with a history of valour who are leaders in their Tribal community specifically wear war bonnets. In other words, the only people who should be wearing war bonnets are chiefs or well respected warriors, such as Tatanka Iyotanka or Chief Sitting Bull of the Hunkpapa Lakota not these so-called reality stars such as Chloe Kardashian, or the pop star Ke$ha. Its sad and pathetic that such an inconsiderate display would be similar to the wearing of a war bonnet by someone who hasnt earned it. (Hopkins)Because many people have such a limited knowledge of Indians, Native Americans are arguably, among the most misunderstood ethnic groups in the United States. Native A mericans are also among the most isolated groups. What people know is limited by their sources of culture and,unfortunately, much of the information about Indians is derived from popular culture. Stereotyping is a poor substitute for getting to know individuals at a more intimate, meaningful level. By relying on stereotypes to describe Native Americans, whites come to believe that Indians are drunks, get free money from the government, and are made wealthy from casino revenue. Or they may believe that Indians are at one with nature, deeply religious, and wise in the ways of spirituality.Indeed, American mainstream media have always tended to distort Native American images. In a research conducted by Liu & Zhang on the representation of Native Americans in pop culture, the film Dances with Wolves the radio and TV Western, The Lone Ranger and the novel, by Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans, are just a handful of TV shows ad movies that present negative or romanticized images of American Indians, either nasty or cruel, or subservient and short, but all disappearing. For instance, the fictional Indian images on TV and in the Hollywood films influence the identity formation of individual Native Americans. Consequently, Hollywood and TV have created simulated Indians and have played and replayed these images so many times that the Indian viewers take them as real. These romantic and stoic characters hardly speak in the films nor do they get heard. Especially, Liu & Zhang point out the discrepancies that in Hollywood films and TV plays, Indians are paid to die, to fall off the horse, to confirm the Vanishing Noble Savage stereotype, so endings are important. Further propagating that these stereotypical images can be seen in the westerns movies and even in some cartoons such as Peter Pan.Moreover, other stereotypical images showed them with painted faces smoking slumber pipes, dancing around a totem pole (at times with a captive tied to it), sending up smok e signals, wearing feathered head pieces, scalping the heads of their enemies and eternally chanting the word um promotes a damaging misconception and negative inferences towards Native Americans. With regards to discrimination, when the highly popular Twilight series received the Hollywood treatment, Taylor Lautner played the Native American character Jacob Black and his casting became steeped in controversy. As Dow points out that Lautners presence seemed out of sync with Hollywoods recent pro-Indian stance. Lautner claimed to have observe his Indianancestry after being cast. Actions corresponding this show film producers hesitance to hire an actor in spite of the characters ethnicity. writhe Mora, an actor who resides in California, who plays a Native American in Twilight disagrees with the casting of Taylor There is plenty of Native talent in town (Hollywood) to play that role.Furthermore, she yields that the movie could be applauded for representing Natives as more than sim ply a dying race, instead appearing onscreen as people with their own unique personalities. For some younger viewers this may be their first contact with Native American culture, so acknowledging Indians as Americans on screen was an achievement on the part of Hollywood. In addition, the summer release of X-men Origins Wolverine in 2009 and the highly popular character Silver Fox made her first onscreen appearance in the movie series. In the original comics, Silver Fox is described as a Native Canadian Black Foot. The character is to be played by Caucasian actress Lynn Collins, and the close to cast a white actress has upset many fans of the comics. Hollywood producers have also decided to change her name to the more American-sounding Kayla Silverfox. Clearly, not only does Hollywood still find it tall(prenominal) to include a Native American in a blockbuster, but also they even refuse to leave the traditional ethnic names intact. (Dow) Whereas names, images, and mascots that sym bolize Native Americans are used extensively in the United States, particularly in sports and advertising.In sports there are the upper-case letter Redskins football team, the battle of Atlanta Braves and Cleveland Indians baseball teams, and the Chicago Blackhawks hockey team. Fans of the Atlanta Braves use the tomahawk chop accompanied by a chant to intimidate tour teams, while the Cleveland Indians use the mascot Chief Wahoo and the University of Illinois uses the mascot Chief Illiniwek. As a result, Native Americans across the country have been protesting the use of their symbols and heritage in sports arenas for over a decade. Most particular in the realm of professional sports, these protests have not generated significant changes in attitudes and practices. As an illustration, Hatfield designates that logos used by the Washington football team and the Cleveland and Atlanta baseball teams are offensive for many reasons, as are the logos formerly used by Dartmouth College and the University of Illinois. (They are no longer used because the NCAA banned teams with racist names and mascots from post-season play.)He implies thatthese logos appropriate the identities of Native Americans, many of whose languages and cultures have been destroyed by Euro-Americans. They take holy religious symbols from Native American cultures eagle feathers, face paint, and peace pipes belittle them, and exploit them for the commercial and entertainment purposes of Americans. And they perpetuate outdated, demeaning stereotypes of Native Americans that make it difficult for Native Americans to represent themselves as part of contemporary American society.Be that as it may, these logos reduce Native Americans to savages, to defeated enemies who have been erased from todays world. Indian mascots objectify and commercialize Native Americans and their cultures. Cigar store Indians were used as advertisements to sell tobacco. Urban Outfitters used Navajo patterns to sell clothes, at least until lawyers representing the Navajo Nation filed causal agent against them and won an injunction forcing them to stop. (Hatfield) Other nicknames of professional and college teams, such as Indians, Braves, Chiefs, and Seminoles may not in themselves be offensive. However, the portrayal of these words is often very demeaning. For example, the 1995 populace Series, the Cleveland Indians and the Atlanta Braves, with Chief Wahoo as the mascot for the Cleveland team and the tomahawk chop exemplified by fans of the Atlanta team, portrayed Native Americans in an extremely degrading manner. Suzan Shown Harjo, managing director of the Morning mastermind Institute, says that this portrayal of Native Americans is racist, derogatory, demeaning, pejorative, offensive and ignorant at best. On the other hand, Dr. Cornel Pewewardy, a visiting scholar in the division of Education at Cameron University, has written extensively about the struggle of un erudition Indian Stereotypes for both Native Americans and non-Native Americans as learned from the demeaning public portrayal of the American Indian through mascots, the movie, Pocahontas, and the tomahawk chop. Being that there are 62 high schools that use the name Redskins, the term has vanished from the collegiate landscape. According to Capital news show Service, the last two colleges that used Redskins changed the name in the late 1990s. Miami University of Ohio changed from the Redskins to RedHawks in 1997 and the Southern Nazarene Crimson Storm dropped the name in 1999. If the two universities had not changed their name by 2006, they would have been unable to play in the postseason under a NCAA policy adopted in 2005 that bans the use of NativeAmerican mascots by sports teams during its tournaments. The postseason ban convinced colleges with mascots like Braves, Indians and Savages to become the Red Wolves, War Hawks, Mustangs or Savage Storm. In view of the fact, the CNS denotes that the policy made an e xception for teams that have the consent of local Native American tribes like the Florida State University Seminoles. At the high school level, there is no single national sports organization like the NCAA to pressure schools to abandon Native American mascots. But officials in a growing number of states are taking similar steps as the NCAA to deplume schools to change. Wisconsin passed in 2010 the nations first state law banning public schools from using Native American names, mascots and logos. It left exceptions for schools that had the approval of local Native American tribes. In 2012, the Oregon State Board of Education issued a ruling banning all Native American team names, mascots and logos. Affected schools must comply by 2017 or risk losing state funding.Alternatively, according to Munson, Indian logos and nicknames create, support and maintain stereotypes of a race of people. She asserts that when one or many of societys institutions support such cultural abuse, it consti tutes institutional racism. Further, the logos, along with other societal abuses and stereotypes separate, marginalize, confuse, intimidate and harm Native American children. They create barriers to their learning throughout their school experience. Additionally, the logos teach non-Native American children that its all right to participate in culturally abusive behavior. Children spend a bully deal of their time in school, and schools have a significant impact on their emotional, spiritual, physical and intellectual development. As long as such logos remain, both Native American and non-Native American children are learning to tolerate racism in our school. Understanding the history of Native Americans is important to understanding why this is such a controversial topic.The Native American community for 50 years has worked to banish images and names like Chief Wahoo, Washington Redskins, Kansas City Chiefs and the Atlanta Braves. It is important to remind people of the cognizant u se of the symbols resemblance to other historic, racist images of the past. She adds that Native Americans struggled to survive in harsh situations. The support of these mascots onlybrings back memories of their ancestors and the suffering and pain they went through for their children and grandchildren. The debate is about more than sports teams and what they call themselves it is about how Americans treat one another. It is about the respect that different ethnic groups have for those different than themselves in terms of history, physical characteristics, values, and most importantly, emotions. (Munson)In essence, I have came to the conclusion that the Washington Redskins were originally known as the Newark Tornadoes and then the capital of pileachusetts Braves. Most accounts can agree that team owner George Preston Marshall changed the franchise name from the Boston Braves to the Boston Redskins in 1933 to recognize then coach, William Lone Star Dietz. Dietz, who claimed half-Ge rman, half-Sioux background, embraced what he perceived to be a Native American heritage. So, since many Native Americans are outraged about the symbolization of Native Americans in sports and advertising, and since society would not tolerate equivalent symbols of other minorities, it is clear that Native Americans are discriminated against, regardless of how others may feel about the matterand that their civil rights are violated by such racial discrimination. These are important reasons for eradicating the use of Native American names in sports, advertising, and elsewhere.Consequently, Native American organizations such as the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) are making a strong push through legal action in a bid to force the Washington Redskins to change their name. Most notable of these cases are Pro Football vs. Harjo and Blackhorse v. Pro-Football, Inc. that have made strong efforts in the fight against the discrimination of Native Americans.Works CitedHatfield, D olph L. The Stereotyping of Native Americans. The Humanist Sept. 2000 43. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 15 July 2013.Washington, d.c.members of congress urge snyder and the national football league to change the washington teams name. (2013, May 28). Retrieved from http//www.house.gov/apps/list/press/as00_faleomavaega/eniredskins.htmlMiller, Jackson B. Indians, Braves, And Redskins A Performative StruggleFor Control Of An Image. Quarterly Journal Of Speech 85.2 (1999) 188. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 July 2013.Soong, Kelyn. The Other Redskins. . Capital News Service. Web. 15 Jul 2013. .Koch, Ronald P. Dress Clothing of the Plains Indians. University of Oklahoma Press, 1977. Examination of the design and construction of Plains Indian formal www.minnesotahumanities.org/Teachers/3-04plains.htmHopkins, Ruth. Indian Country Today Media Network.Tribalism as Pop Culture Phenomenon and the lengthiness of Offensive American Indian Stereotypes. N.p., 19 Aug 2011. Web. 14 Jul 201 3. .Liu, Kedong, and Hui Zhang. Self- and Counter-Representations of Native Americans Stereotypical Images of and New Images by Native Americans in Popular Media. Harbin Institute of Technology, China, n.d. Web. 15 Jul 2013. .Dow, Madeline. Race, Gender, and Mass Media Blog.Native American Portrayal in Cinema. N.p., 06 Nov 2012. Web. 14 Jul. 2013. .Munson, Barabara. Common Themes and Questions About the Use of Indian Logos. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Jul 2013. .